Neuburg an der Donau (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏbʊʁk ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈdoːnaʊ] ^ⓘ, lit. 'Neuburg on the Danube'; Central Bavarian: Neiburg an da Donau) is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany that is over 1,200 years old.

The municipality has 16 divisions:

Neuburg has been inhabited since the Bronze Age with artifacts discovered on the hill where the modern palace is located.

A Roman settlement was also located on the high hill overlooking the Danube, providing a part of the Limes, the border between the Empire and its Germanic enemies.

The massive Neuburg Castle was built during the early Middle Ages by the Aiglolfings, at the site of the old Roman fortress. In 1527 the Wittelsbach Family re-designed the castle into a Renaissance palace, which is what we see today.

Neuburg was part of an episcopal see. In the 10th century it passed to the counts of Scheyern and through them to Bavaria, being ceded to the Rhenish Palatinate at the close of a war in 1507. From 1557 to 1742 it was the capital of a small principality ruled by a cadet branch of the family of the elector palatine of the Rhine. This principality of Palatinate-Neuburg had an area of about 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and about 100,000 inhabitants.

During the Thirty Years' War, the city was conquered and occupied several times between 1632 and 1634 during the battles for Regensburg by Swedish troops passing through here, while crossing the Danube.

In 1742 it was united again with the Rhenish Palatinate, with which it passed in 1777 to Bavaria.