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New Mexico National Guard
The New Mexico National Guard is the militia of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Comprising the New Mexico Army National Guard and the New Mexico Air National Guard, it is part of the National Guard of the United States, a reserve force under both state and federal jurisdiction.
The New Mexico National Guard traces its history to sixteenth century colonial militias of Spanish Nuevo México. Reflecting this unique heritage, its military band is known for performing New Mexico music and having the first and only official mariachi band in the U.S. Armed Forces. Elements of the New Mexico National Guard have participated in almost every major U.S. conflict, from the American Civil War to the war on terror; it is most notable for its involvement in the opening stages of the U.S. war with Japan during World War II.
New Mexico National Guardsmen are eligible for all awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces as well as those exclusive to New Mexico. Soldiers and airmen are trained and equipped as part of the U.S. Army and Air Force and utilize identical ranks and insignias; although they serve part time, Guardsmen are held to the same standards of discipline, physical fitness, and marksmanship as their active duty counterparts.
The New Mexico National Guard is under the jurisdiction of the governor of New Mexico through the office of the New Mexico Adjutant General; all individuals or units may be called into "state active duty" during emergencies or special situations. Under the U.S. Constitution and federal law, Guardsmen may be activated for federal service by Congress, with the President of the United States serving as commander in chief.
On April 30, 1598, Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate led a colonial expedition across the Río del Norte (Río Grande) near present-day Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. There were no regular Spanish soldiers with the expedition, and none were assigned to the new colony of Nuevo México during the seventeenth century, through the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. The military requirements of the colony were undertaken by the colonists themselves in their dual roles of soldier-colonist.
By the early eighteenth century the population of Nuevo Mexico had grown, and settlements proliferated. In each settlement, one of their numbers was designated Maese or Maestre de Campo ("field marshal"), who served as the local leader or commander of the citizen-soldiers (vecinos, inhabitants) in his jurisdiction. The Meastre de Campo responded to a call to arms by the governor with as many citizen-soldiers as he could muster locally. Each member of this militia provided his own arms and mount for the common defense.
This militia system prevailed until 1846, when General Stephen W. Kearny occupied New Mexico. The first Territorial Militia was provided for by a system of laws devised by Kearny, commonly known as the Kearny Code. Then in 1851 the first territorial Legislature created the office of Adjutant General and placed the territorial Militia under its jurisdiction.
In 1862, the Territorial Militia, also known as the New Mexico Volunteers, played a decisive role in the defeat of Confederate forces in the Battle of Glorieta. During 1863 and 1864, the Militia was also active in Navajo and other Indian campaigns of the period.
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New Mexico National Guard
The New Mexico National Guard is the militia of the U.S. state of New Mexico. Comprising the New Mexico Army National Guard and the New Mexico Air National Guard, it is part of the National Guard of the United States, a reserve force under both state and federal jurisdiction.
The New Mexico National Guard traces its history to sixteenth century colonial militias of Spanish Nuevo México. Reflecting this unique heritage, its military band is known for performing New Mexico music and having the first and only official mariachi band in the U.S. Armed Forces. Elements of the New Mexico National Guard have participated in almost every major U.S. conflict, from the American Civil War to the war on terror; it is most notable for its involvement in the opening stages of the U.S. war with Japan during World War II.
New Mexico National Guardsmen are eligible for all awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces as well as those exclusive to New Mexico. Soldiers and airmen are trained and equipped as part of the U.S. Army and Air Force and utilize identical ranks and insignias; although they serve part time, Guardsmen are held to the same standards of discipline, physical fitness, and marksmanship as their active duty counterparts.
The New Mexico National Guard is under the jurisdiction of the governor of New Mexico through the office of the New Mexico Adjutant General; all individuals or units may be called into "state active duty" during emergencies or special situations. Under the U.S. Constitution and federal law, Guardsmen may be activated for federal service by Congress, with the President of the United States serving as commander in chief.
On April 30, 1598, Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate led a colonial expedition across the Río del Norte (Río Grande) near present-day Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. There were no regular Spanish soldiers with the expedition, and none were assigned to the new colony of Nuevo México during the seventeenth century, through the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. The military requirements of the colony were undertaken by the colonists themselves in their dual roles of soldier-colonist.
By the early eighteenth century the population of Nuevo Mexico had grown, and settlements proliferated. In each settlement, one of their numbers was designated Maese or Maestre de Campo ("field marshal"), who served as the local leader or commander of the citizen-soldiers (vecinos, inhabitants) in his jurisdiction. The Meastre de Campo responded to a call to arms by the governor with as many citizen-soldiers as he could muster locally. Each member of this militia provided his own arms and mount for the common defense.
This militia system prevailed until 1846, when General Stephen W. Kearny occupied New Mexico. The first Territorial Militia was provided for by a system of laws devised by Kearny, commonly known as the Kearny Code. Then in 1851 the first territorial Legislature created the office of Adjutant General and placed the territorial Militia under its jurisdiction.
In 1862, the Territorial Militia, also known as the New Mexico Volunteers, played a decisive role in the defeat of Confederate forces in the Battle of Glorieta. During 1863 and 1864, the Militia was also active in Navajo and other Indian campaigns of the period.