Nicholas Thieberger FAHA is an Australian linguist and an associate professor in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne.

Thieberger graduated from La Trobe University with a BA Hons. His Masters was also at La Trobe, then he moved to the University of Melbourne to complete his PhD in 2004 for his work on the grammar of South Efate (Nafsan), which was the first grammar to demonstrate the use of a media corpus as the basis for examples used in the grammar.

Thieberger helped to establish the PARADISEC archive in 2003 and currently serves as its director. He was the Editor of Language Documentation & Conservation (2011–2021), an academic journal which focuses on language documentation and conservation. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2021.

Thieberger has acted as an expert linguistic witness in Native Title claims, notably the Single Noongar Claim and the Ngarluma/Yindjibarndi Claim.

He is best known for his research on Indigenous Australian languages, on the South Efate (Nafsan) language of Vanuatu, and for his work in language documentation. He established Wangka Maya the Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre in the late 1980s, ASEDA, the Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Archive, in the early 1990s, and co-founded the Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity. He established Kaipuleohone, the University of Hawai'i's digital language archive. He became President of the Digital Endangered Languages and Musics Archives Network in 2025.

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