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Nigella sativa

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Nigella sativa

Nigella sativa (common names, black caraway, black cumin, nigella or kalonji) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Asia (Arabia, the Levant, Cyprus, Turkey, Iran and Iraq), and eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania). It is naturalised over parts of Europe, northern Africa, and east to Myanmar. It is used as a spice in various food preparations, especially in Arab and Halal cuisines.

The genus name Nigella is a diminutive of the Latin niger "black", referring to the seed colour. The specific epithet sativa means "cultivated".

In food preparation, Nigella sativa and its seeds are variously called black caraway, black seed, black cumin, fennel flower, nigella, nutmeg flower, Roman coriander, or black onion seed.

Black seed and black caraway may also refer to Elwendia persica, which is also known as Bunium persicum.

N. sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. The flowers are delicate, and usually coloured pale blue and white, with five to ten petals. The fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of three to seven united follicles, each containing numerous seeds which are used as spice, sometimes as a replacement for Bunium bulbocastanum (also called black cumin).

The seeds of N. sativa are used as a spice in many cuisines. In Palestine, the seeds are ground to make bitter qizha paste.

The dry-roasted seeds flavour curries, vegetables, and pulses. They can be used as a seasoning in recipes with pod fruit, vegetables, salads, and poultry. In some cultures, the black seeds are used to flavour bread products. They are used as a part of the spice mixture panch phoron (meaning a mixture of five spices) in many recipes in Bengali cuisine, and are most recognisable in some variations of naan, such as nân-e barbari. Nigella is also used in tresse cheese, a braided string cheese called majdouleh or majdouli in the Middle East.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration classifies Nigella sativa as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use as a spice, natural seasoning, or flavouring.

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species of annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae
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