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Nirim
Nirim (Hebrew: נִירִים, lit. plowed fields) is a kibbutz in the northwestern Negev in Israel. Located near the border with the Gaza Strip, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of Khan Yunis, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 482.
The kibbutz was established in October 1946 as part of the 11 points in the Negev plan aimed at establishing a Jewish presence in the Negev in order to claim it as part of a future Jewish state. It was named after the Nir brigade of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, some of whose members helped establish the kibbutz, and was originally established on a site called "Dangour", where kibbutz Sufa is now. One of the founders was Dan Zur, who became one of Israel's leading landscape architects.
At the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on 15 May 1948, the kibbutz was first Jewish settlement in Israel to be attacked by the Egyptian army, in the Battle of Nirim. It had 39 defenders. During the battle, the Egyptians came within 25 meters of the kibbutz perimeter and eight of the kibbutz defenders were killed, before the Egyptians withdrew. All of the houses were destroyed in the attack.
Nirim remained an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) outpost against the Egyptian army throughout the war.[citation needed]
In 1948, the family of Salman Abu Sitta was forcibly expelled from the area, and their land, which was then known as Ma'in Abu Sitta, subsequently used to expand the kibbutz.
After the war, the IDF wanted the site because of its strategic location, while the kibbutzniks wanted to move north, to the line of 200 millimeters of rain a year, so the kibbutz moved some 12 kilometers northeast to its present location,[when?] next to the site of an ancient synagogue at Horvat Maon.
On 12 August 1949, the IDF troop at Nirim caught an Arab man and a 10-15 year old Bedouin girl. They shot the man, and, following a vote, gang-raped the girl before they killed her and buried her in a shallow grave.
Twenty soldiers who took part in the episode, including the platoon commander, were court-martialed and sent to prison, nineteen of whom were given light sentences of up to four years. The Israeli appeal court later reduced the sentences of most of the soldiers by half, saying: "At the time there was a general feeling of contempt for the life of Arabs ... and sometimes wanton events occurred in this sphere. All this helped create an atmosphere of 'anything goes'. The murder, rape and trial were then treated as a state secret in order to avoid embarrassment.
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Nirim
Nirim (Hebrew: נִירִים, lit. plowed fields) is a kibbutz in the northwestern Negev in Israel. Located near the border with the Gaza Strip, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of Khan Yunis, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 482.
The kibbutz was established in October 1946 as part of the 11 points in the Negev plan aimed at establishing a Jewish presence in the Negev in order to claim it as part of a future Jewish state. It was named after the Nir brigade of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, some of whose members helped establish the kibbutz, and was originally established on a site called "Dangour", where kibbutz Sufa is now. One of the founders was Dan Zur, who became one of Israel's leading landscape architects.
At the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on 15 May 1948, the kibbutz was first Jewish settlement in Israel to be attacked by the Egyptian army, in the Battle of Nirim. It had 39 defenders. During the battle, the Egyptians came within 25 meters of the kibbutz perimeter and eight of the kibbutz defenders were killed, before the Egyptians withdrew. All of the houses were destroyed in the attack.
Nirim remained an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) outpost against the Egyptian army throughout the war.[citation needed]
In 1948, the family of Salman Abu Sitta was forcibly expelled from the area, and their land, which was then known as Ma'in Abu Sitta, subsequently used to expand the kibbutz.
After the war, the IDF wanted the site because of its strategic location, while the kibbutzniks wanted to move north, to the line of 200 millimeters of rain a year, so the kibbutz moved some 12 kilometers northeast to its present location,[when?] next to the site of an ancient synagogue at Horvat Maon.
On 12 August 1949, the IDF troop at Nirim caught an Arab man and a 10-15 year old Bedouin girl. They shot the man, and, following a vote, gang-raped the girl before they killed her and buried her in a shallow grave.
Twenty soldiers who took part in the episode, including the platoon commander, were court-martialed and sent to prison, nineteen of whom were given light sentences of up to four years. The Israeli appeal court later reduced the sentences of most of the soldiers by half, saying: "At the time there was a general feeling of contempt for the life of Arabs ... and sometimes wanton events occurred in this sphere. All this helped create an atmosphere of 'anything goes'. The murder, rape and trial were then treated as a state secret in order to avoid embarrassment.