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Non-exhaust emissions

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Non-exhaust emissions AI simulator

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Non-exhaust emissions

Non-exhaust emissions come from wearing down motor vehicle brake pads, tires, roads themselves, and unsettling of particles on the road. This particulate matter is made up of micrometre-sized particles and causes negative health effects, including respiratory disease and cancer. Very fine particulate matter has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated that particulate matter exposure is associated with acute respiratory infections, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Researchers have also found correlations between exposure to fine particulate matter and fatality rates in previous coronavirus epidemics.

Studies have shown that non-exhaust emissions of particles from vehicles can be greater than particles due to exhaust.

The European Commission expects that "by 2050 non-exhaust emissions will constitute up to 90% of all particles emitted by road transport".

Brake wear gets released into the air as particulate matter. When applying pressure to the braking system forces the two together, Standard frictional brakes on a vehicle function under the friction between a brake pad and a rotating disc or drum. The frictional process causes abrasion of the brake pad and the surface of the disc or drum, leading to the release of particles, a substantial fraction of which become airborne.

Particles from car tyres pollute the environment and the air we breathe, whilst the long-term effects on our health and the ecosystem are unknown. These tyre wear particles are especially damaging due to the toxic chemicals that they are made from, which leach out of the particles into our rivers and oceans. These chemicals have a devastating impact on wildlife, and they accumulate into the food chain where they will ultimately pose a significant risk.

— Imperial College London, Tyre wear particles are toxic for us and the environment


Rubber pollution gets released into the air. When in contact with the road, the surface of a tire is steadily abraded by contact with the road surface. This leads to the release of large quantities of small rubber particles which cover a wide range of sizes.

The road itself wears and releases particulate matter into the air. The friction between the tire surface and the road surface, which leads to tire abrasion, is also liable to abrade the road surface, especially where this is already fragmenting. Hence, road surface wear particles are also released into the atmosphere.

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emissions produced by motor vehicles, other than exhaust gas emissions
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