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One-platoon system
The one-platoon system, also known as "iron man football", is a rule-driven substitution pattern in American football whereby the same players were expected to stay on the field for the entire game, playing both offense and defense as required. Players removed for a substitute were lost to their teams for the duration of the half (until 1932) or quarter (until 1941).
Existing alternatively is the two-platoon system (or simply the "platoon system"), which makes use of separate offensive and defensive units. (In the contemporary game third platoons of special teams players for kicking situations are also used).
Each system has been used at different times in American college football and in the National Football League. In the college game, the major rules switch allowing two platoons came ahead of the 1941 season — a change first emulated by the NFL in 1943.
Due to budgetary pressures associated with expanded scholarship and travel costs, member schools of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) returned to the one-platoon system for 1953, gradually liberalizing substitution rules until a full return to two-platoon football was made in 1964.
One-platoon football is seen currently mostly on lower-end and smaller teams at the high school and semi-pro levels, where player shortages and talent disparities necessitate it. Current teams with sufficient numbers of talented players no longer use the one-platoon system.
Before 1941, virtually all football players saw action on "both sides of the ball," alternating in both offensive and defensive roles. A player who had been replaced by a substitute could not, in the early years of the game, return to the contest—this restriction eased over time.
Player re-entry was first allowed during the 1910 season, described as "as a player who has been removed from the game for any reason except disqualification or suspension may engage in the contest again at the beginning of any subsequent quarter, but the substitution of any such player is allowed but once during a quarter." In 1922, the rule was changed such that a player removed during the first half could not return to the field until the second half, while a player removed in the second half was lost for the game. From 1932 until 1940, another substitution rule was used, which stated, "A player may be substituted for another at any time, but a player withdrawn from the game may not return in the same period or intermission in which he was withdrawn." This is to say that, once removed for a substitute, a player was lost to his team for the duration of the quarter. Illegal return of a player to the field was regarded as a severe infraction of the rules, with the returning player ejected from the game and his team assessed a massive 25-yard penalty.
Substitutions under this "one-platoon system" were thus made individually and strategically based upon time on the clock, field position, and player exhaustion.
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One-platoon system
The one-platoon system, also known as "iron man football", is a rule-driven substitution pattern in American football whereby the same players were expected to stay on the field for the entire game, playing both offense and defense as required. Players removed for a substitute were lost to their teams for the duration of the half (until 1932) or quarter (until 1941).
Existing alternatively is the two-platoon system (or simply the "platoon system"), which makes use of separate offensive and defensive units. (In the contemporary game third platoons of special teams players for kicking situations are also used).
Each system has been used at different times in American college football and in the National Football League. In the college game, the major rules switch allowing two platoons came ahead of the 1941 season — a change first emulated by the NFL in 1943.
Due to budgetary pressures associated with expanded scholarship and travel costs, member schools of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) returned to the one-platoon system for 1953, gradually liberalizing substitution rules until a full return to two-platoon football was made in 1964.
One-platoon football is seen currently mostly on lower-end and smaller teams at the high school and semi-pro levels, where player shortages and talent disparities necessitate it. Current teams with sufficient numbers of talented players no longer use the one-platoon system.
Before 1941, virtually all football players saw action on "both sides of the ball," alternating in both offensive and defensive roles. A player who had been replaced by a substitute could not, in the early years of the game, return to the contest—this restriction eased over time.
Player re-entry was first allowed during the 1910 season, described as "as a player who has been removed from the game for any reason except disqualification or suspension may engage in the contest again at the beginning of any subsequent quarter, but the substitution of any such player is allowed but once during a quarter." In 1922, the rule was changed such that a player removed during the first half could not return to the field until the second half, while a player removed in the second half was lost for the game. From 1932 until 1940, another substitution rule was used, which stated, "A player may be substituted for another at any time, but a player withdrawn from the game may not return in the same period or intermission in which he was withdrawn." This is to say that, once removed for a substitute, a player was lost to his team for the duration of the quarter. Illegal return of a player to the field was regarded as a severe infraction of the rules, with the returning player ejected from the game and his team assessed a massive 25-yard penalty.
Substitutions under this "one-platoon system" were thus made individually and strategically based upon time on the clock, field position, and player exhaustion.