Parallel society

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Parallel society refers to the self-organization of an ethnic or religious minority, often but not always immigrant groups, with the intent of a reduced or minimal spatial, social and cultural contact with the majority society into which they immigrate.^[1]

The term was introduced into the debate about migration and integration in the early 1990s by the German sociologist Wilhelm Heitmeyer.^[2] It rose to prominence in the European public discourse following the murder of Dutch director and critic of Islam Theo van Gogh.^{[citation needed]} In 2004, the Association for the German Language ranked the term second in their Word of the year list.^[3]

• Parallel state
• Pillarisation
• Multiculturalism
• Leitkultur
• Auto-segregation
• Ghetto
• Dhimmi
• Parallel Polis, the deliberate creation of a parallel society to overcome oppressive systems
• Sensitive urban zone (France)
• Vulnerable residential area (Denmark)
• Vulnerable area (Sweden)

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