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Pascual Comín Moya

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Pascual Comín Moya

Pascual Comín Moya, 2nd marquess of Comín (1855–1928) was a Spanish Carlist politician. Since the mid-1890s he formed part of the provincial Zaragoza party executive and the Traditionalist regional Aragón leadership; since 1907 he was the party leader in the region of Aragón. His political climax fell on 1919, when during 6 months between mid-February and mid-August he held the provisional Carlist party jefatura nationwide. Until today his leadership period remains the shortest one in the entire Carlist history.

Origins of the Comín family are obscure. One branch settled in Aragón, but until mid-19th century none of its representatives gained public recognition. Pascual's paternal grandfather sided with the legitimists during the First Carlist War; following defeat he settled in Bordeaux. This is where his son and the father of Pascual, Bienvenido Comín Sarté (1828-1880), spent his late childhood. In 1842 he returned to Spain and studied law; in 1848 he started to practice in Zaragoza. In the mid-1850s Comín Sarté engaged in Carlist conspiracy himself; following the Aragonese rebellion of 1855 he went on exile again. Back in Spain he gained local recognition as “el abogado de los pobres” and served in the Zaragoza ayuntamiento. In the late 1860s he became president of Junta Provincial Católico-Monárquica, emerged as key Carlist theorist and laid out the legal claim of Carlos VII; the pretender rewarded him with the title of Marqués de Comín. Exiled again during the Third Carlist War, in the late 1870s he was among most distinguished Carlist intellectuals of the era and one of the best-known lawyers in Aragón.

Bienvenido Comín married Luciana Moya Huerto (died 1896); none of the sources consulted provides any information either on her or on her family. The couple had 3 children: Pascual (born 1855), Francisco Javier (1857) and María Comín y Moya (1862), all brought up in very religious and zealously Traditionalist ambience. It is not clear where the young Pascual received his early education. He then enrolled in Facultad de Derecho at the University of Zaragoza; exact years of his academic career are not known, though they fell probably on the early 1870s. Comín Moya obtained the licenciatura in law in Zaragoza, to pursue his doctoral research at Universidad Central in Madrid later on; the year of his doctorado is not clear. In the late 1870s he was back in Zaragoza, where he soon opened his own law office.

At unspecified time Pascual Comín Moya married María de Arévalo y Aguilar; there is no information on her or her family available. It is neither clear whether the couple had any children. When referred in societé columns of the press, e.g. in the 1890s, they are listed along nephews and other relatives, but never with own children; also later notes on Comín's family engagements do not contain information on his children. Comín's obituaries and death notices, which customarily contained condolences addressed to descendants, did not mention any. Marquesado de Comín, which Pascual inherited from his father, passed on to his younger brother. A few of Comín's relatives grew to public figures. Pascual's younger brother Francisco Javier became an academic and served as dean of the law faculty in Zaragoza; his son and Pascual's nephew Jesús Comín y Sagüés emerged as Carlist politician and served in the Republican Cortes. The son of Jesús Alfonso Carlos Comín Ros gained name as a writer and politician who tried to merge Communism and Catholicism, while his son Antoni Comín Oliveres is a Catalanist separatist politician.

As descendant to two generations of Carlists and as son to one of the greatest Traditionalist theorists of the time, Comín inherited his political outlook from the ancestors. Already as a 10-year-old boy he was listed in various open letters which supported the Catholic cause; in his teens he delivered addresses during local gatherings and while at the university he engaged in the religious charity organisation Asociación San Luis Gonzaga. His whereabouts during the Third Carlist War are not clear. In the late 1870s and early 1880s his name kept appearing among signatories of various declarations of support or protest letters, usually related to religious questions and perceived anti-Catholic measures of the Madrid government. In the early 1880s Comín acted as president of Juventud Católica de Zaragoza and used to deliver militant addresses at its meetings.

Comín's focus on religious issues seemed perfectly in line with the strategy adopted by the Carlist political leader, Candido Nocedal; Comín travelled to Madrid to take part in related events. Following death of Nocedal, in the mid-1880s Comín seemed supportive of his son Ramón Nocedal, who aspired to vacated party leadership. However, upon outbreak of the conflict between Nocedal and the claimant Carlos VII Comín sided with his king and did not join the Integrists, who broke away in 1888. In the early 1890s Comín was active in quasi-political activities animated by the Church, which at the time turned towards wider public mobilization: he took part in Congreso Católico de Zaragoza and formed part of a commission appointed by the archbishop, entrusted with screening local periodicals and propagating Catholic virtues in the press. In 1893 latest he entered Junta Provincial Carlista de Zaragoza, the provincial party executive; in 1895 he was reported as member of Junta Regional, the body which commanded Carlist structures in entire Aragón.

At the turn of the centuries Comín was already a recognized Zaragoza personality. He formed part of executive of the local charity organisations La Protectora, remained active in anti-duel association and took part in numerous in one-off events, e.g. the one intended to prevent tuberculosis. A recognized specialist in local heritage law, he was delivering lectures at congresses of Aragón lawyers. A royal decree which created a nationwide Comisión General de Codificación nominated him to sub-commission entrusted with work on specific legal Aragón establishments. He served as counselor in the ayuntamiento, member of Audiencia Provincial and fiscal de la cámara de apelaciones, specializing in criminal law. He handled prestigious legal cases and represented local personalities in civil lawsuits. His career in jurisprudence was crowned when in 1907 Comín grew to dean of the Zaragoza Colegio de Abogados.

Since the 1870s the Aragón party leader was the military old-timer Francisco Cavero; however, in the 1890s he was already withdrawing into senility. The regional jefatura went to the young Duque de Solferino; as he moved to Catalonia the role was then handed to the veteran landowner Manuel Serrano Franquini. Following his death in 1906 the position was vacant; among candidates to take over there was José María del Campo, Cavero's son Francisco and the young Marqués de las Hormazas. None of them, however, compared to Comín in terms of prestige and professional position; in 1907 he was appointed the new Aragon jefe regional.

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