Pedro Carlos Olaechea Álvarez-Calderón (born 6 January 1954) is a Peruvian economist, vintner businessman and politician, who is the former President of the Congress of the Republic of Peru. Olaechea had served in Congress from 2016 to 2019, elected for the Peruvians for Change, representing the constituency of Lima.

During the presidency of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski from 2017 to 2018, he served as Minister of Production.

In the aftermath of the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis (and in his position of last President of Congress), Olaechea served as President of the Congressional Permanent Assembly until 16 March 2020, the date in which the Congress-elect was sworn in.

Son of lawyer Manuel Pablo Olaechea Du Bois and Ana María Álvarez-Calderón Fernandini. By paternal line he is grandson of Manuel Augusto Olaechea, lawyer and politician; and great-grandson of Manuel Pablo Olaechea, Prime Minister of Peru of Nicolás de Piérola. By maternal line he is the grandson of Anita Fernandini de Naranjo, first female mayor of Lima.

He studied at the Colegio de la Inmaculada and Colegio Santa María Marianistas. He has a bachelor's degree in Economics from Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He also holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the Henley Management College.

He has held management positions in the main trade union organizations in Peru, such as CONFIEP and the Association of Exporters (ADEX). He was President of the National Society of Industries from 2009 to 2012; Vice President of Business Solutions against Poverty (SEP), among other organizations.

In the private sector he has been Director of the Corporation of Development and Mineral Exploitation S.A. (CORDEMIN); Vice President of Lima Leasing; Executive Chairman of Comercializadora del Marañón (CODELMA), and Managing Director of Minera El Futuro de Ica. Also Director of Viña Tacama S.A .; and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Fábrica de Envases S.A. (FADESA).

He was Honorary Vice Consul of Denmark in Peru from 2004 to 2016.