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Philip Effiong
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Philip Effiong
Philip Efiong (also spelled Effiong, ⓘ 18 November 1925 – 6 November 2003) was a Nigerian military officer who, during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70), was the first vice-president and, briefly, the second and last president of the Republic of Biafra.
Born in Ibiono Ibom in present-day Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, on 18 November 1925, Philip Effiong joined the Nigerian Armed Forces on 28 July 1945. The UK later commissioned him for duty in the Rhine, West Germany. He was then transferred to the Nigeria Army Ordnance Corps; then to England for further training after a peace-keeping stint in the Republic of Congo in 1961. He was Nigeria's first Director of Ordnance.
Efiong became Chief of General Staff of Biafra under President Odumegwu Ojukwu during the Nigeria-Biafra war, and vice-president.
The tactics of the Nigerian military during the war included economic blockade and deliberate destruction of agricultural land. Even before the war, the area was a net importer of food, depending on income from its oil fields to feed its populace.
With the blockade cutting off oil revenue and agricultural destruction reducing food production, the result was mass dislocation and starvation of the populace. Two to three million people are thought to have died in the conflict, mostly through starvation and illness.
When Biafra's military resistance collapsed, Ojukwu fled to Côte d'Ivoire.
Efiong assumed leadership in this situation of turmoil, starvation, and collapse. He became acting Head of State of Biafra on 8 January 1970 and on 12 January announced surrender.
Effiong Caretaker Government of January 1970, which existed for six days, from January 8 to January 15 was formed after President C. Odumegwu Ojukwu fled to the Ivory Coast. It did not form an official cabinet but did operate with a very small circle of senior officials. These senior officials helped acting President Philip Efiong oversee the surrender of Biafra to Nigeria.
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Philip Effiong
Philip Efiong (also spelled Effiong, ⓘ 18 November 1925 – 6 November 2003) was a Nigerian military officer who, during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70), was the first vice-president and, briefly, the second and last president of the Republic of Biafra.
Born in Ibiono Ibom in present-day Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, on 18 November 1925, Philip Effiong joined the Nigerian Armed Forces on 28 July 1945. The UK later commissioned him for duty in the Rhine, West Germany. He was then transferred to the Nigeria Army Ordnance Corps; then to England for further training after a peace-keeping stint in the Republic of Congo in 1961. He was Nigeria's first Director of Ordnance.
Efiong became Chief of General Staff of Biafra under President Odumegwu Ojukwu during the Nigeria-Biafra war, and vice-president.
The tactics of the Nigerian military during the war included economic blockade and deliberate destruction of agricultural land. Even before the war, the area was a net importer of food, depending on income from its oil fields to feed its populace.
With the blockade cutting off oil revenue and agricultural destruction reducing food production, the result was mass dislocation and starvation of the populace. Two to three million people are thought to have died in the conflict, mostly through starvation and illness.
When Biafra's military resistance collapsed, Ojukwu fled to Côte d'Ivoire.
Efiong assumed leadership in this situation of turmoil, starvation, and collapse. He became acting Head of State of Biafra on 8 January 1970 and on 12 January announced surrender.
Effiong Caretaker Government of January 1970, which existed for six days, from January 8 to January 15 was formed after President C. Odumegwu Ojukwu fled to the Ivory Coast. It did not form an official cabinet but did operate with a very small circle of senior officials. These senior officials helped acting President Philip Efiong oversee the surrender of Biafra to Nigeria.