The Pittsburgh crime family, also known as the LaRocca crime family or the Pittsburgh Mafia, was an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and throughout the Greater Pittsburgh area. The organization formed during the late 1880s under Salvatore "Banana King" Catanzaro and was named after Sebastian "Big John" LaRocca, the family's longest-serving boss, from 1956 until his death in 1984.

The Pittsburgh family rose to prominence during the Prohibition era under the leadership of Stefano Monastero, who became boss in 1925, by controlling a large distribution operation of bootlegging supplies from warehouses on Pittsburgh's North Side. Monastero's leadership was cut short on August 6, 1929, he and his brother Sam were murdered. The family was taken over by Giuseppe "Joseph" Siragusa, a successful local bootlegger, who paid tribute to New York Mafia boss Salvatore Maranzano in order to operate in Allegheny County. Siragusa was murdered on September 13, 1931, as Maranzano's rival Lucky Luciano gained power in New York. John Bazzano succeeded as boss of the Pittsburgh Mafia after Siragusa's murder, and his reign was defined by his rivalry with the Volpe brothers. After Bazzano killed three of the Volpe brothers on July 29, 1932, the two surviving brothers complained to the Commission in New York. As Bazzano's killings had not been sanctioned by the Commission, he was lured to New York, where he was stabbed and strangled to death in August 1932. Bazzano was succeeded by Vincenzi Capizzi followed by Frank Amato Sr., who expanded the influence of the crime family beyond Allegheny County.

After Amato stepped down to become underboss in 1956, John LaRocca took over the Pittsburgh family. Under LaRocca's leadership, the crime family became powerful in Pittsburgh's labor unions and established rackets in Northeast Ohio, in which it partnered with the Cleveland crime family. LaRocca also brought the Pittsburgh Mafia into an agreement with the Trafficante crime family of Tampa to manage the Sans Souci casino in Havana. As LaRocca battled ill-health in the late 1970s and early 1980s, leadership of the Pittsburgh family was overseen by a series of acting leaders. LaRocca died from natural causes on December 3, 1984.

Michael James Genovese became the boss following LaRocca's death, and aggressively pursued the drug trade. Although Genovese avoided prosecution, his decision to lead the Pittsburgh Mafia into narcotics trafficking led to the convictions of senior members as well as younger associates, eliminating the organization's line of ascension. The Commission also forbade the Pittsburgh family from inducting new members. The convictions, along with general attrition, resulted in the crime family becoming defunct. The boss and last known "made" member of the family, Thomas "Sonny" Ciancutti, died in 2021.

At the turn of the 20th century, Italian criminals in the city of Pittsburgh were divided into two ethnic factions: the "Sicilians" and the "Neapolitans". Territory within the city was also divided, as the Sicilian clans controlled the North and South Sides while the Neapolitan clans controlled the East End.

The earliest known Sicilian boss in Pittsburgh was Salvatore "Banana King" Catanzaro, who started his fruit and produce company in Downtown Pittsburgh in 1888. Catanzaro served as the treasurer for the Italian Red Cross Society and also worked alongside a network of Sicilian Mafia bosses in Western Pennsylvania. In 1914, after being injured in a stabbing attack, Catanzaro stepped down as boss; he later died on February 17, 1916. This allowed Catanzaro's protege, Gregorio Conti, to assume control of his crime family, based in the Hill District. As the new boss, Conti waged a war against the Neapolitan factions and by 1917, ultimately resulted in the Neapolitans either joining the Sicilians or disbanding.

In 1919, the United States government passed the Eighteenth Amendment declaring the production, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal. Months later, Congress passed the Volstead Act declaring that liquor, wine and beer all qualified as intoxicating liquors and were therefore prohibited, effective January 17, 1920. On September 24, 1919, Conti was shot and killed. Following his death, his nephew Peppino Cusumano led the family, but worked in the shadow of Salvatore Calderone, the most powerful boss in Western Pennsylvania. Calderone controlled the Mafia Network from Apollo, located 30 miles northeast of Pittsburgh. On January 17, 1920, Prohibition began in the United States, banning all production, importation, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Prohibition presented a very lucrative opportunity for Cusumano and Calderone, as they began bootlegging—the illegal manufacture, sale and transportation—of alcohol. As bootlegging operations expanded throughout the U.S., violence erupted as criminals fought for dominance. Within the city of Pittsburgh, the Italian neighborhoods of Larimer, Homewood, the Hill District and the downtown area became battlegrounds as the Mafia factions fought for territorial control of bootlegging rackets. In the suburbs of Pittsburgh, the factions fought for control of New Kensington, Arnold, Wilkinsburg, McKees Rocks, Wilmerding and Braddock. It was recorded that between 1926 and 1933, there were over 200 murders in Allegheny County.