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4th Infantry Division (Poland)
The Polish 4th Infantry Division (Polish: 4. Dywizja Piechoty) was created following Polish independence after the end of World War I. The division participated in the Polish–Ukrainian War in 1919. During World War II, the division existed as three wholly separate organizations, the original incarnation of the division as part of the pre-war Polish Army, the second incarnation armed and equipped by the western Allies, and another division armed and equipped and controlled by the Soviet Union. The second and third incarnations of this division existed simultaneously from 1944 until 1947.
Prior to the start of World War II, the 4th Infantry Division was initially commanded by Colonel Tadeusz Lubicz-Niezabitowski, and its peacetime headquarters was located in Toruń, with additional units stationed in Włocławek and Brodnica. After September 4, 1939, it was commanded by Colonel Mieczysław Rawicz-Mysłowski and then, after September 12, it was commanded by Colonel Józef Werobej. The 4th Division was originally part of the Pomorze Army and stationed northeast of Toruń, near the border of East Prussia. From September 9, the division fought against the Wehrmacht in the Battle of the Bzura, a Polish counterattack west of Warsaw in the area of the Bzura River.
The division was officially formed on April 16, 1919, in former Austrian Galicia. Its first commandants were officers serving in the Operation Group of General Franciszek Aleksandrowicz: Major Wlodzimierz Tyszkiewicz (chief of staff), General Franciszek Kraliczek-Krajowski (divisional infantry) and Colonel Adolf Engel (divisional artillery). At the beginning, the division consisted of three infantry regiments (14th, 18th and 37th), three artillery regiments (3rd field artillery, 11th field artillery and 2nd heavy artillery), and eight cavalry squadrons. All units concentrated in late April 1919 near Sadowa Wisznia. Most of the division's soldiers had served in the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I.
The division's formation was completed in early May, and by that time it had 7,162 infantry plus 807 cavalry soldiers. Furthermore, it had 108 machine guns, 24 cannons and three armoured trains (Gromoboj, Kaniow and Odsiecz). Until late July 1919, the division fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War in eastern Galicia. On July 27, it was sent to Volhynia, and reinforced with 10th Infantry Regiment, transferred from Operational Group of Colonel Władysław Sikorski. At that time, and until 1921, the division was divided into two infantry brigades (7th and 8th), and the 4th Artillery Brigade.
On May 15, 1919, as part of Operational Group of General Waclaw Iwaszkiewicz, the division entered the conflict. Its task was to break through Ukrainian lines in the area of Mosciska – Sambor. On May 17, it captured Sambor, on the next day Drohobycz, and on May 20, Stryj. On May 25, the division was rushed to Stanisławów, preventing Ukrainian forces from capturing the city. At Stanisławów, the Poles seized Ukrainian cannons, guns, locomotives and stocks of food, ammunition and uniforms.
In late May, 4th Division crossed the Dniestr, and captured other towns, including Podhajce and Buczacz. In the area of Pokucie, its elements made contact with Romanian Army, which was allied with Poland, and which aided the Poles in the war against West Ukrainian People's Republic. In early June 1919, after protests of Western Allies, the Blue Army was withdrawn from Eastern Galicia, together with Operational Group of General Daniel Konarzewski. As a result of this movement, Polish forces in the area were weakened, and on June 11, when Ukrainian Army began its counteroffensive, 4th Division retreated in panic, behind the Gnila Lipa river, where it prepared defensive positions, together with 3rd Legions Infantry Division. On June 24 the Ukrainians broke through the positions of the 3rd Division, and Polish forces had to withdraw to the line of the Swirz river.
After receiving reinforcements, the Poles began an offensive (June 28). The division was divided into two groups, and quickly advanced, reaching Czortków and the Zbrucz river by July 15. Next day, 4th Infantry Division was replaced with elements of 3rd and 10th Divisions.
In the second half of July 1919, 4th Infantry Division was loaded on trains and transferred to Brody, where it became part of Volhynian Front under General Antoni Listowski. On August 8, it began an offensive, capturing Krzemieniec and Dubno in Volhynia. The frontline then stalled along the Horyn river until mid-November, when the Red Army attacked, but without any significant success. Local clashes took place along the front until late April 1920, when Polish General Staff ordered the destruction of Soviet 12th and 14th Armies, located in Volhynia and Podolia.
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4th Infantry Division (Poland)
The Polish 4th Infantry Division (Polish: 4. Dywizja Piechoty) was created following Polish independence after the end of World War I. The division participated in the Polish–Ukrainian War in 1919. During World War II, the division existed as three wholly separate organizations, the original incarnation of the division as part of the pre-war Polish Army, the second incarnation armed and equipped by the western Allies, and another division armed and equipped and controlled by the Soviet Union. The second and third incarnations of this division existed simultaneously from 1944 until 1947.
Prior to the start of World War II, the 4th Infantry Division was initially commanded by Colonel Tadeusz Lubicz-Niezabitowski, and its peacetime headquarters was located in Toruń, with additional units stationed in Włocławek and Brodnica. After September 4, 1939, it was commanded by Colonel Mieczysław Rawicz-Mysłowski and then, after September 12, it was commanded by Colonel Józef Werobej. The 4th Division was originally part of the Pomorze Army and stationed northeast of Toruń, near the border of East Prussia. From September 9, the division fought against the Wehrmacht in the Battle of the Bzura, a Polish counterattack west of Warsaw in the area of the Bzura River.
The division was officially formed on April 16, 1919, in former Austrian Galicia. Its first commandants were officers serving in the Operation Group of General Franciszek Aleksandrowicz: Major Wlodzimierz Tyszkiewicz (chief of staff), General Franciszek Kraliczek-Krajowski (divisional infantry) and Colonel Adolf Engel (divisional artillery). At the beginning, the division consisted of three infantry regiments (14th, 18th and 37th), three artillery regiments (3rd field artillery, 11th field artillery and 2nd heavy artillery), and eight cavalry squadrons. All units concentrated in late April 1919 near Sadowa Wisznia. Most of the division's soldiers had served in the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I.
The division's formation was completed in early May, and by that time it had 7,162 infantry plus 807 cavalry soldiers. Furthermore, it had 108 machine guns, 24 cannons and three armoured trains (Gromoboj, Kaniow and Odsiecz). Until late July 1919, the division fought in the Polish–Ukrainian War in eastern Galicia. On July 27, it was sent to Volhynia, and reinforced with 10th Infantry Regiment, transferred from Operational Group of Colonel Władysław Sikorski. At that time, and until 1921, the division was divided into two infantry brigades (7th and 8th), and the 4th Artillery Brigade.
On May 15, 1919, as part of Operational Group of General Waclaw Iwaszkiewicz, the division entered the conflict. Its task was to break through Ukrainian lines in the area of Mosciska – Sambor. On May 17, it captured Sambor, on the next day Drohobycz, and on May 20, Stryj. On May 25, the division was rushed to Stanisławów, preventing Ukrainian forces from capturing the city. At Stanisławów, the Poles seized Ukrainian cannons, guns, locomotives and stocks of food, ammunition and uniforms.
In late May, 4th Division crossed the Dniestr, and captured other towns, including Podhajce and Buczacz. In the area of Pokucie, its elements made contact with Romanian Army, which was allied with Poland, and which aided the Poles in the war against West Ukrainian People's Republic. In early June 1919, after protests of Western Allies, the Blue Army was withdrawn from Eastern Galicia, together with Operational Group of General Daniel Konarzewski. As a result of this movement, Polish forces in the area were weakened, and on June 11, when Ukrainian Army began its counteroffensive, 4th Division retreated in panic, behind the Gnila Lipa river, where it prepared defensive positions, together with 3rd Legions Infantry Division. On June 24 the Ukrainians broke through the positions of the 3rd Division, and Polish forces had to withdraw to the line of the Swirz river.
After receiving reinforcements, the Poles began an offensive (June 28). The division was divided into two groups, and quickly advanced, reaching Czortków and the Zbrucz river by July 15. Next day, 4th Infantry Division was replaced with elements of 3rd and 10th Divisions.
In the second half of July 1919, 4th Infantry Division was loaded on trains and transferred to Brody, where it became part of Volhynian Front under General Antoni Listowski. On August 8, it began an offensive, capturing Krzemieniec and Dubno in Volhynia. The frontline then stalled along the Horyn river until mid-November, when the Red Army attacked, but without any significant success. Local clashes took place along the front until late April 1920, when Polish General Staff ordered the destruction of Soviet 12th and 14th Armies, located in Volhynia and Podolia.