The politics of Taiyuan in Shanxi province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Mayor of Taiyuan is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Taiyuan or Taiyuan Municipal Government. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the Mayor has less power than the Taiyuan Municipal Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "CCP Party Chief of Taiyuan" or "Communist Party Secretary of Taiyuan". The Taiyuan Municipal People's Congress is the highest legislative body in the city and is responsible for making and amending local laws and regulations. The Taiyuan Municipal People's Government, on the other hand, is the executive body responsible for implementing the decisions and policies of the People's Congress and overseeing the day-to-day administration of the city.

On April 12, 2014, Shen Weichen was being investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) for "serious violations of laws and regulations".

On August 23, 2014, Chen Chuanping was being investigated by the CCDI for "serious violations of laws and regulations".