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Post-exposure prophylaxis
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Post-exposure prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring.
It should be contrasted with pre-exposure prophylaxis, which is used before the patient has been exposed to the infective agent.
In 2021, the US FDA gave emergency use authorization (EUA) to bamlanivimab/etesevimab for post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19. However, due to its reduced effectiveness against Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is no longer recommended for this purpose.
Ensitrelvir has been studied for its potential use as post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in a phase 3 clinical trial. Top-line results from this trial suggested that use of ensitrelvir as post-exposure prophylaxis may significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in exposed household contacts compared to placebo.
PEP is commonly and very effectively used to prevent the onset of rabies after a bite by a suspected-rabid animal, since diagnostic tools are not available to detect rabies infection prior to the onset of the nearly always-fatal disease. The treatment consists of a series of injections of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin. Rabies vaccine is given to both humans and animals who have been potentially exposed to rabies.
As of 2018, the average estimated cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis was US$108 (along with travel costs and loss of income).
Tetanus toxoid can be given in case of a suspected exposure to tetanus. In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin). It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection.[citation needed]
The guidelines for such events in the United States for non-pregnant people 11 years and older are as follows:
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Post-exposure prophylaxis
Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring.
It should be contrasted with pre-exposure prophylaxis, which is used before the patient has been exposed to the infective agent.
In 2021, the US FDA gave emergency use authorization (EUA) to bamlanivimab/etesevimab for post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19. However, due to its reduced effectiveness against Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is no longer recommended for this purpose.
Ensitrelvir has been studied for its potential use as post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in a phase 3 clinical trial. Top-line results from this trial suggested that use of ensitrelvir as post-exposure prophylaxis may significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in exposed household contacts compared to placebo.
PEP is commonly and very effectively used to prevent the onset of rabies after a bite by a suspected-rabid animal, since diagnostic tools are not available to detect rabies infection prior to the onset of the nearly always-fatal disease. The treatment consists of a series of injections of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin. Rabies vaccine is given to both humans and animals who have been potentially exposed to rabies.
As of 2018, the average estimated cost of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis was US$108 (along with travel costs and loss of income).
Tetanus toxoid can be given in case of a suspected exposure to tetanus. In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin). It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection.[citation needed]
The guidelines for such events in the United States for non-pregnant people 11 years and older are as follows: