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Prevention of HIV/AIDS
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Prevention of HIV/AIDS
HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
Interventions for the prevention of HIV include the use of:
The consistent, correct use of condoms is one proven method for preventing the spread of HIV during sexual intercourse. In high income countries, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Programs (PMTC) including HIV testing of pregnant women, antiretroviral treatment, counselling about infant feeding, and safe obstetric practices (avoiding invasive procedures) have reduced mother-to-child transmission to less than 1%.
Treatment as prevention (TasP) is also effective; in sero-different couples (where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV negative), HIV is significantly less likely to be transmitted to the uninfected partner if the HIV positive partner is on treatment. It is now known that an if HIV-positive person has an undetectable viral load, there is no risk of HIV transmission to a sexual partner.
Increased risk of contracting HIV correlates with the presence of co-infections, particularly other sexually transmissible infections. Medical professionals recommend treatment or prevention of other infections such as herpes, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus, syphilis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis as an indirect way to prevent the spread of HIV infection. Doctors treat these conditions with pharmaceutical interventions and/or vaccination. Nevertheless, it is not known if treating other sexually transmitted infections on a population scale is effective in preventing HIV.
Harm reduction is defined as "policies, programmes and practices that aim to minimise negative health, social and legal impacts associated with drug use, drug policies and drug laws". The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that harm reduction is central to the prevention of HIV amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) and their sexual and drug using partners. Social strategies do not require any drug or object to be effective, but rather require persons to change their behaviors to gain protection from HIV. Some social strategies include:[citation needed]
Each of these strategies has widely differing levels of efficacy, social acceptance, and acceptance in the medical and scientific communities.[citation needed]
Populations who access HIV testing are less likely to engage in behaviors with high risk of contracting HIV, so HIV testing is almost always a part of any strategy to encourage people to change their behaviors to become less likely to contract HIV. Over 60 countries impose some form of travel restriction, either for short or long-term stays, for people infected with HIV.
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Prevention of HIV/AIDS
HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.
Interventions for the prevention of HIV include the use of:
The consistent, correct use of condoms is one proven method for preventing the spread of HIV during sexual intercourse. In high income countries, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Programs (PMTC) including HIV testing of pregnant women, antiretroviral treatment, counselling about infant feeding, and safe obstetric practices (avoiding invasive procedures) have reduced mother-to-child transmission to less than 1%.
Treatment as prevention (TasP) is also effective; in sero-different couples (where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV negative), HIV is significantly less likely to be transmitted to the uninfected partner if the HIV positive partner is on treatment. It is now known that an if HIV-positive person has an undetectable viral load, there is no risk of HIV transmission to a sexual partner.
Increased risk of contracting HIV correlates with the presence of co-infections, particularly other sexually transmissible infections. Medical professionals recommend treatment or prevention of other infections such as herpes, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus, syphilis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis as an indirect way to prevent the spread of HIV infection. Doctors treat these conditions with pharmaceutical interventions and/or vaccination. Nevertheless, it is not known if treating other sexually transmitted infections on a population scale is effective in preventing HIV.
Harm reduction is defined as "policies, programmes and practices that aim to minimise negative health, social and legal impacts associated with drug use, drug policies and drug laws". The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that harm reduction is central to the prevention of HIV amongst people who inject drugs (PWID) and their sexual and drug using partners. Social strategies do not require any drug or object to be effective, but rather require persons to change their behaviors to gain protection from HIV. Some social strategies include:[citation needed]
Each of these strategies has widely differing levels of efficacy, social acceptance, and acceptance in the medical and scientific communities.[citation needed]
Populations who access HIV testing are less likely to engage in behaviors with high risk of contracting HIV, so HIV testing is almost always a part of any strategy to encourage people to change their behaviors to become less likely to contract HIV. Over 60 countries impose some form of travel restriction, either for short or long-term stays, for people infected with HIV.