Professional Native Indian Artists Inc.
Professional Native Indian Artists Inc.
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Professional Native Indian Artists Inc.

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Professional Native Indian Artists Inc.

The Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporation (PNIAI) was a group of First Nations artists from Canada, with one from the United States. Founded in November 1973, they were Indigenous painters who exhibited in the mainstream art world.

They were informally known as the Indian Group of Seven and now the Indigenous Group of Seven. The nickname alludes to the Group of Seven, an early 20th-century Euro-Canadian group of painters.

The PNIAI were Daphne Odjig, Alex Janvier, Jackson Beardy, Eddy Cobiness, Norval Morrisseau, Carl Ray and Joseph Sanchez.

In 1972, Jackson Beardy, Alex Janvier, and Daphne Odjig participated in a group exhibition in Winnipeg, Treaty Numbers 23, 287 and 1171, referring to the Numbered Treaties of the artists' respective bands. The exhibition brought modern Indigenous art to the mainstream Canadian art audience. The work was presented as fine art as opposed to craft.

Following the exhibition, Daphne Odjig became the driving force to organize the Professional Native Indian Artists Inc. At her home in Winnipeg, she invited Alex Janvier, Jackson Beardy, Eddy Cobiness, Norval Morrisseau, Carl Ray, and Joseph Sanchez to discuss their mutual concerns about art. They organized in November 1973.

These meetings provided a sense of community among the artists and a forum for criticism of each other's work. In November 1973 they proposed to formalise their movement as the Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporation (PNIAI), to be funded by the Department of Indian Affairs. All seven members incorporated PNIAI in February 1974. Haida artist Bill Reid, although not formally signing on at the time, was considered the eighth member and participated in some of the group's shows.

Winnipeg Free Press reporter Gary Scherbain nicknamed the PNIAI, the "Indian Group of Seven", referring to the Group of Seven of the 1920s and 1930s who painted Canadian landscapes in an impressionistic style.

The PNIAI had many groups exhibitions throughout Canada. The last in which all participated was in Montreal in 1975. The group disbanded that year.

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