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Purple-throated mountaingem
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Purple-throated mountaingem
The purple-throated mountaingem (Lampornis calolaemus) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The purple-throated mountaingem's taxonomy is somewhat unsettled. As late as 1999 various authors have treated it, the white-throated mountaingem (L. castaneoventris) and gray-tailed mountaingem (L. cinereicauda) as a single species. Others have kept the purple-throated separate but lumped the other two as a single species. These three species form a closely related group that evolved some 3.5 million years ago and has diversified since.
The purple-throated mountaingem currently (2022) is its own species with three subspecies, the nominate L. c. calolaemus, L. c. pectoralis, and L. c. homogenes.
The purple-throated mountaingem is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a medium-length straight black bill, a white to pale buff stripe behind the eye, and a fairly long tail.
Adult males of the nominate subspecies L. c. calolaemus have a glittering emerald green to bluish green forehead and crown. The rest of their upperparts are metallic bronze-green that shades to bluish or grass green on the uppertail coverts. Much of the face is dusky bronze green and the gorget is metallic violet or purple. The breast is bright metallic green with duller flanks and belly that tend to bronzy green or gray. The undertail coverts are deep bronzy gray with paler gray margins. The tail is dull blue-black.
Adult females of the nominate subspecies have bright metallic green upperparts that are somewhat bluish on the uppertail coverts and a bit bronzish elsewhere. The face is mostly blackish. The throat, breast, and belly are tawny yellow and the undertail coverts dull white to tawny buff. The central tail feathers and the upper half of the others are dull metallic green or bronze green. The lower half of the outer tail feathers are mostly black with pale gray tips.
Immature males of the nominate subspecies are much like the adult female, but with a dusky chin and throat and brownish gray undertail coverts with dull white margins.
Males of subspecies L. c. pectoralis have a deeper purple gorget than the nominate. The green of their neck and upperatail coverts is significantly darker than the nominates, and their belly and undertail coverts are also darker, with a smaller area of metallic green on the breast.
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Purple-throated mountaingem
The purple-throated mountaingem (Lampornis calolaemus) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The purple-throated mountaingem's taxonomy is somewhat unsettled. As late as 1999 various authors have treated it, the white-throated mountaingem (L. castaneoventris) and gray-tailed mountaingem (L. cinereicauda) as a single species. Others have kept the purple-throated separate but lumped the other two as a single species. These three species form a closely related group that evolved some 3.5 million years ago and has diversified since.
The purple-throated mountaingem currently (2022) is its own species with three subspecies, the nominate L. c. calolaemus, L. c. pectoralis, and L. c. homogenes.
The purple-throated mountaingem is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a medium-length straight black bill, a white to pale buff stripe behind the eye, and a fairly long tail.
Adult males of the nominate subspecies L. c. calolaemus have a glittering emerald green to bluish green forehead and crown. The rest of their upperparts are metallic bronze-green that shades to bluish or grass green on the uppertail coverts. Much of the face is dusky bronze green and the gorget is metallic violet or purple. The breast is bright metallic green with duller flanks and belly that tend to bronzy green or gray. The undertail coverts are deep bronzy gray with paler gray margins. The tail is dull blue-black.
Adult females of the nominate subspecies have bright metallic green upperparts that are somewhat bluish on the uppertail coverts and a bit bronzish elsewhere. The face is mostly blackish. The throat, breast, and belly are tawny yellow and the undertail coverts dull white to tawny buff. The central tail feathers and the upper half of the others are dull metallic green or bronze green. The lower half of the outer tail feathers are mostly black with pale gray tips.
Immature males of the nominate subspecies are much like the adult female, but with a dusky chin and throat and brownish gray undertail coverts with dull white margins.
Males of subspecies L. c. pectoralis have a deeper purple gorget than the nominate. The green of their neck and upperatail coverts is significantly darker than the nominates, and their belly and undertail coverts are also darker, with a smaller area of metallic green on the breast.
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