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Railroad police
Railroad police or railway police are people responsible for protecting railroad (or railway) properties, facilities, revenue, equipment (train cars and locomotives), and personnel, as well as carrying passengers and cargo. Railroad police may also patrol public rail transit systems.
Their exact roles differ from country to country. In some countries, the powers of railroad police are no different from those of any other sworn law enforcement officer, while in others, they are more like security guards. Some are also given extensive additional authority, while those in other jurisdictions are more restricted. In the United States and Canada, railroad police are employed by the major Class I railroads, and some smaller ones. In other countries, this work is typically done by territorial police forces rather than specialized agencies. In the United Kingdom, railways fall under the jurisdiction of the British Transport Police. This national transit police force is responsible for policing all railways and some public transit systems in Britain.
The Brazilian Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852 by decree of the emperor Dom Pedro II, making it the oldest police agency in Brazil. There are[when?] some proposals in the Brazilian Senate to reactivate this police agency, which is considered important to national security.
Canadian railways, like those in the United States, aided in nation-building and brought new police agencies into existence. Railway constables are given full police powers within 500 meters of property that the railway company owns, possesses or administers. The Canadian Pacific Railway initially relied on the Dominion Police, and later the North-West Mounted Police during construction of the transcontinental railroad, but by the late 1880s, it employed its own police.
The large numbers of navvies recruited to build the railways brought security problems for rail companies. In 1900, the CPR established its Special Service Department. It worked closely with municipal, federal, and provincial police and was mandated to prevent and investigate pilferage, theft, vandalism, sabotage and policing strikes. The CPR Special Service were also responsible for closely guarding Chinese workers, who were considered "detainees" and virtually treated as prisoners under the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885. The Special Service was dissolved in 1904, following a scandal involving the business practices of a CPR Labour Department agent in Montreal. Still, it was resurrected in 1913 as the railway's Department of Investigation.
The Canadian Pacific Police Service, Canadian National Police Service, and VIA Rail Canada Police Service are the only federal railway police services operating in Canada. Police officers for the railways are federally sworn under the Railway Safety Act. This act allows a superior court (federal) judge to appoint a person as a police constable. These officers are employed by the railway and are in place strategically within Canada's rail infrastructure, primarily focusing on reducing deaths and injuries along each railway's network of operations. These officers typically work on investigations involving criminal and provincial violations, such as traffic enforcement and accident investigations, and work to educate the public about the dangers of rail operations and the consequences that can result from complacency.
These police officers are also appointed or sworn provincially to provide additional police powers related to each province's interests. The primary jurisdictional police are still responsible for all law enforcement in their jurisdiction, and due to reduced manpower and coverage, the railway police are considered a secondary response agency. Often, the primary jurisdictional police are required to deal with matters on or concerning railway property. Depending on the seriousness of the incident, railway police may assume jurisdiction. However, their reduced numbers and capabilities may require local police to take control over an incident and act in a supporting role. Railway police also support local police in incidents not related to the railway.
Other large Canadian transit networks use security officers appointed as special constables or peace officers. As special constables, they typically have full police powers when working on transit property to enforce the Criminal Code of Canada, as well as respective bylaws. While they carry some police equipment, such as a protective vest, baton, handcuffs, and pepper spray, they do not carry a firearm. These officers assist local jurisdictions' police officers in investigating illegal activity on the transit system.
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Railroad police
Railroad police or railway police are people responsible for protecting railroad (or railway) properties, facilities, revenue, equipment (train cars and locomotives), and personnel, as well as carrying passengers and cargo. Railroad police may also patrol public rail transit systems.
Their exact roles differ from country to country. In some countries, the powers of railroad police are no different from those of any other sworn law enforcement officer, while in others, they are more like security guards. Some are also given extensive additional authority, while those in other jurisdictions are more restricted. In the United States and Canada, railroad police are employed by the major Class I railroads, and some smaller ones. In other countries, this work is typically done by territorial police forces rather than specialized agencies. In the United Kingdom, railways fall under the jurisdiction of the British Transport Police. This national transit police force is responsible for policing all railways and some public transit systems in Britain.
The Brazilian Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852 by decree of the emperor Dom Pedro II, making it the oldest police agency in Brazil. There are[when?] some proposals in the Brazilian Senate to reactivate this police agency, which is considered important to national security.
Canadian railways, like those in the United States, aided in nation-building and brought new police agencies into existence. Railway constables are given full police powers within 500 meters of property that the railway company owns, possesses or administers. The Canadian Pacific Railway initially relied on the Dominion Police, and later the North-West Mounted Police during construction of the transcontinental railroad, but by the late 1880s, it employed its own police.
The large numbers of navvies recruited to build the railways brought security problems for rail companies. In 1900, the CPR established its Special Service Department. It worked closely with municipal, federal, and provincial police and was mandated to prevent and investigate pilferage, theft, vandalism, sabotage and policing strikes. The CPR Special Service were also responsible for closely guarding Chinese workers, who were considered "detainees" and virtually treated as prisoners under the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885. The Special Service was dissolved in 1904, following a scandal involving the business practices of a CPR Labour Department agent in Montreal. Still, it was resurrected in 1913 as the railway's Department of Investigation.
The Canadian Pacific Police Service, Canadian National Police Service, and VIA Rail Canada Police Service are the only federal railway police services operating in Canada. Police officers for the railways are federally sworn under the Railway Safety Act. This act allows a superior court (federal) judge to appoint a person as a police constable. These officers are employed by the railway and are in place strategically within Canada's rail infrastructure, primarily focusing on reducing deaths and injuries along each railway's network of operations. These officers typically work on investigations involving criminal and provincial violations, such as traffic enforcement and accident investigations, and work to educate the public about the dangers of rail operations and the consequences that can result from complacency.
These police officers are also appointed or sworn provincially to provide additional police powers related to each province's interests. The primary jurisdictional police are still responsible for all law enforcement in their jurisdiction, and due to reduced manpower and coverage, the railway police are considered a secondary response agency. Often, the primary jurisdictional police are required to deal with matters on or concerning railway property. Depending on the seriousness of the incident, railway police may assume jurisdiction. However, their reduced numbers and capabilities may require local police to take control over an incident and act in a supporting role. Railway police also support local police in incidents not related to the railway.
Other large Canadian transit networks use security officers appointed as special constables or peace officers. As special constables, they typically have full police powers when working on transit property to enforce the Criminal Code of Canada, as well as respective bylaws. While they carry some police equipment, such as a protective vest, baton, handcuffs, and pepper spray, they do not carry a firearm. These officers assist local jurisdictions' police officers in investigating illegal activity on the transit system.