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Rain Queen

Queen Modjadji, or the Rain Queen, is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, a people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall. She is known as a mystical and historic figure who brought rain to her allies and drought to her enemies. She is not a ruler as such, but a powerful rainmaker and a traditional healer (ngaka).

The traditional installation of a male factional claimant to the title, Prince Lekukela Modjadji, as the king of the Balobedu took place in October 2022 at Khetlhakoni Royal Palace in Modjadjiskloof outside Tzaneen in Limpopo. Princess Masalanabo, who was expected to be the next Rain Queen prior to this event, was said by the faction of the Modjadji Royal Council that installed him to be expected to take a position reserved for her and become the Khadikholo (or great aunt) of Balobedu.

Masalanabo, Lekukela's half-sister, who is known to her loyalists as Masalanabo II Modjadji VII, served as a rival factional claimant to the title. She was the daughter of the last Rain Queen, Makobo Modjadji VI. A ceremony to celebrate her 18th birthday was held in April 2023 at the Kara Heritage Institute in Pretoria; it was organized by the Balobedu Heritage Society, which was founded by her great grandmother Mokope Modjadji V. The event was used to launch her history booklet "Masalanabo Modjadji VII: Daughter Of The Sun". She was supported at this event by a faction of the Modjadji Royal Council. Originally planned for April 2024, her coronation was postponed to September 2024 and later March 2025. Following the recognition of her holding of the monarchical title by the president of South Africa, her coronation date was once again rescheduled to August 2025.

There are several different stories relating to the creation and history of the Rain Queens of Balobedu. One story states that an old chief in 16th century Monomotapa (South eastern Zimbabwe), was told by his ancestors that by impregnating his daughter, Dzugundini, she would gain rain-making skills. Another story involves a scandal in the same chief's house, in which the chief's son impregnated Dzugundini. Dzugundini was held responsible and was forced to flee the village. Dzugundini ended up in Molototsi Valley, which is in the present day Balobedu Kingdom.

The village she established with her loyal followers was ruled by a Mokoto, a male leader, but the peace and harmony of the village were disrupted by rivalries between different families; therefore, to pacify the land, Mokoto impregnated his own daughter in order to restore the tribe's matrilineal tradition. In another version, Mokoto had a vision that he had to marry his daughter in order to create a matrilineal dynasty. She gave birth to the first Rain Queen, known as Modjadji, which means: "ruler of the day".

Oral histories recount that the Rain Queens are originally from ancient Ethiopia and built the fortress of Great Zimbabwe.

During the 1930s, social anthropologists Eileen Krige and Jack Krige carried out fieldwork on the society of the Rain Queens. Their work was published in 1943 as The Realm of a Rain-Queen. A Study of the Pattern of Lovedu Society, and remains one of the standard anthropological works.

According to custom, the Rain Queen must shun public functions, and can only communicate with her people through her male or female councillors.

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