Rankin County, Mississippi
Rankin County, Mississippi
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Rankin County, Mississippi

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Rankin County, Mississippi

Rankin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The western border of the county is formed by the Pearl River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 157,031, making it the fourth-most populous county in Mississippi. The county seat is Brandon, and the largest city is Pearl. The county is named in honor of Christopher Rankin, a Mississippi Congressman who served from 1819 to 1826.

Rankin County is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county includes several of the Jackson metropolitan area's eastern suburbs, including Pearl, Brandon, Flowood, Richland, and Florence.

Rankin County was established on February 4, 1828, from the portion of Hinds County lying east of the Pearl River. It was named for Christopher Rankin, a Mississippi congressman who served from 1819 to 1826. The county lies in central Mississippi, east of the Pearl River, and is bordered by Madison, Scott, Smith, Simpson, and Hinds counties.

One of the county's early settlements was Richmond, located on the east side of the Pearl River. The settlement later disappeared, and the site returned to cultivation. Brandon, named for Mississippi governor Gerard Brandon, was selected as the county seat and became an important early trading point in the area.

Rankin County's population grew from 2,083 in 1830 to 13,635 by 1860. In 1860, enslaved people made up 52 percent of the county's population. The county's economy was based largely on mixed agriculture, with farmers growing cotton, corn, rice, and potatoes while also raising livestock.

By 1860, Rankin County also had small-scale industry, including lumber mills, flour mills, and other enterprises. That year, the county had eighteen churches, most of them Baptist or Methodist congregations.

Education became part of Rankin County's early civic development. The Brandon Male and Female Academy was reorganized in 1849 as Brandon College and later became Brandon Female College. Frank Johnson served as principal of the school until her death in 1897.

Several figures associated with Rankin County became prominent in Mississippi's political and cultural history. Brandon attorney Robert Lowry became a Confederate brigadier general, state legislator, and governor of Mississippi from 1882 to 1890. Samuel Alfred Beadle, who had been born enslaved in Georgia, moved to Rankin County, studied law, and in 1884 became one of the few African Americans in Mississippi admitted to the bar.

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