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Rauf Orbay
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was a Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhaz origin. During the Italo–Turkish and Balkan Wars he was known as the Hero of Hamidiye for his exploits as captain of the eponymous cruiser. Orbay briefly served as Minister of Navy in October 1918, and signed the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
He played an important role in the Turkish War of Independence, during which he served as the prime minister of the Ankara government between 12 July 1922 and 4 August 1923.
During the Republican period he was one of the founders of the Progressive Republican Party. He was put on trial for his involvement in an alleged assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and sentenced to ten years in prison. Orbay was rehabilitated in 1939 and served as an MP for Kastamonu and then ambassador to London.
Hüseyin Rauf (Orbay after 1934) was born in the Cibali district of Fatih, Constantinople, in 1881 to an Abkhazian family. His father was Mehmet Muzaffer Pasha, a high ranking admiral and later member of the Ottoman Senate. His mother was Hayriye Rüveyde Hanım, daughter of Emin Efendi, the Director of the Tahrirat. They had five children from this marriage, two sons and three daughters, one of whom was Rauf.
Due to his father's duty, he completed his secondary education at the Tripoli Military Rüştiye and then returned to Istanbul. He graduated from the Heybeliada Naval School in 1899 and joined the navy.
Rauf Orbay began his military career with the rank of deck engineer [Güverte mühendisi]. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1901 and then captain in 1904. He was assigned to the Mesudiye in 1904. Between 1905 and 1911, he visited the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, with duties such ordering ships and inspecting shipbuilding yards. He was promoted to kolağası (senior captain) in 1907. He participated in the Action Army that came to Istanbul due to the March 31 Uprising as the sağkolağası. There he met Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and İsmet (İnönü).
On May 25, 1909, he was appointed commanding officer of the cruiser Hamidiye and played a role in the suppression of the Albanian Uprising.[clarification needed] In the 1911–1912 Italo–Turkish War, he took part in a supply mission to Tripoli in Libya.
As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his exploits as captain of the Hamidiye during the First Balkan War. The ship broke through the Greek blockade of the Dardanelles and sailed into the Mediterranean, whereupon it became the first cruiser to carry out commerce raiding operations in history. For almost 8 months, the Hamidiye harassed and sank merchant ships of the Balkan League throughout the Mediterranean and Red Sea. These operations captured the media's attention, providing a propaganda coup and moral for the Ottoman Empire. Rauf Bey came to be known as the "Hero of Hamidiye" [Hamidiye Kahramanı]. The state created a new medal just for the cruiser's crew.
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Rauf Orbay
Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (27 July 1881 – 16 July 1964) was a Turkish naval officer, statesman and diplomat of Abkhaz origin. During the Italo–Turkish and Balkan Wars he was known as the Hero of Hamidiye for his exploits as captain of the eponymous cruiser. Orbay briefly served as Minister of Navy in October 1918, and signed the Armistice of Mudros on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
He played an important role in the Turkish War of Independence, during which he served as the prime minister of the Ankara government between 12 July 1922 and 4 August 1923.
During the Republican period he was one of the founders of the Progressive Republican Party. He was put on trial for his involvement in an alleged assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and sentenced to ten years in prison. Orbay was rehabilitated in 1939 and served as an MP for Kastamonu and then ambassador to London.
Hüseyin Rauf (Orbay after 1934) was born in the Cibali district of Fatih, Constantinople, in 1881 to an Abkhazian family. His father was Mehmet Muzaffer Pasha, a high ranking admiral and later member of the Ottoman Senate. His mother was Hayriye Rüveyde Hanım, daughter of Emin Efendi, the Director of the Tahrirat. They had five children from this marriage, two sons and three daughters, one of whom was Rauf.
Due to his father's duty, he completed his secondary education at the Tripoli Military Rüştiye and then returned to Istanbul. He graduated from the Heybeliada Naval School in 1899 and joined the navy.
Rauf Orbay began his military career with the rank of deck engineer [Güverte mühendisi]. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1901 and then captain in 1904. He was assigned to the Mesudiye in 1904. Between 1905 and 1911, he visited the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, with duties such ordering ships and inspecting shipbuilding yards. He was promoted to kolağası (senior captain) in 1907. He participated in the Action Army that came to Istanbul due to the March 31 Uprising as the sağkolağası. There he met Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and İsmet (İnönü).
On May 25, 1909, he was appointed commanding officer of the cruiser Hamidiye and played a role in the suppression of the Albanian Uprising.[clarification needed] In the 1911–1912 Italo–Turkish War, he took part in a supply mission to Tripoli in Libya.
As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his exploits as captain of the Hamidiye during the First Balkan War. The ship broke through the Greek blockade of the Dardanelles and sailed into the Mediterranean, whereupon it became the first cruiser to carry out commerce raiding operations in history. For almost 8 months, the Hamidiye harassed and sank merchant ships of the Balkan League throughout the Mediterranean and Red Sea. These operations captured the media's attention, providing a propaganda coup and moral for the Ottoman Empire. Rauf Bey came to be known as the "Hero of Hamidiye" [Hamidiye Kahramanı]. The state created a new medal just for the cruiser's crew.