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Key Information

Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда, lit.'Red Star Football Club'), commonly referred to as Crvena zvezda (pronounced [tsř̩ʋenaː zʋěːzda]) and colloquially referred to as Red Star Belgrade in anglophone media, is a Serbian professional football club based in Belgrade, and a major part of the Red Star multi-sport society.

They are the most successful club from the Balkans and Southeast Europe, being the only club to have won both the European Cup and Intercontinental Cup, having done so in 1991, and only the second team from Eastern Europe to win the European Cup. With 36 national championships, 29 national cups, 2 national supercups, 2 national champions leagues and one league cup between Serbian and Yugoslav competitions, Red Star was the most successful club in Yugoslavia and finished first in the Yugoslav First League all-time table, and is the most successful club in Serbia.

According to 2008 polls, Red Star Belgrade is the most popular football club in Serbia, with 48% of the population supporting them.[2] They have many supporters in other former Yugoslav republics and among the Serbian diaspora. Their main rivals are fellow Belgrade side Partizan. The championship matches between these two clubs are known as the Eternal derby.

According to the International Federation of Football History & Statistics' list of the Top 200 European clubs of the 20th century, Red Star is the highest-ranked Serbian and Balkan club, sharing the 27th position.

History

[edit]
Red Star legend Rajko Mitić.

Yugoslavia and Serbia-Montenegro period

[edit]

In February 1945, during World War II, a group of young men, active players, students and members of the Serbian United Antifascist Youth League, decided to form a Youth Physical Culture Society, that was to become Red Star Belgrade on 4 March. Previously, as of December 1944, all pre-war Serbian clubs were abolished, and on 5 May 1945, communist Secretary of Sports Mitra Mitrović-Djilas signed the decree dissolving formally all pre-war clubs on the territory of Socialist Republic of Serbia. The clubs were dissolved because during the German occupation, there was an attempt to organize the league so all the clubs were labelled collaborators by Josip Broz Tito's communist regime.

The name Red Star was assigned after a long discussion. Other ideas shortlisted by the delegates included "People's Star", "Blue Star", "Proleter", "Stalin", "Lenin", etc.[3] The initial vice presidents of the Sport Society – Zoran Žujović and Slobodan Ćosić – were the ones who assigned it.[4] Red Star was soon adopted as a symbol of Serbian nationalism within Yugoslavia and a sporting institution which remains the country's most popular to this day.[5] On that day, Red Star played the first football match in the club's history against the First Battalion of the Second Brigade of KNOJ (People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia) and won 3–0.

Red Star's first successes involved small steps to recognition. In the first fifteen years of existence, Red Star won one Serbian championship, six Yugoslav championships, five Yugoslav Cups, one Danube Cup and reached the semi-finals of the 1956–57 European Cup. Some of the greatest players during this period were Kosta Tomašević, Branko Stanković, Rajko Mitić, Vladimir Beara, Bora Kostić, Vladica Popović, Vladimir Durković and Dragoslav Šekularac. As champions, Red Star were Yugoslavia's entrants into the 1957–58 European Cup where they were famously beaten 5–4 on aggregate by English champions Manchester United in the quarter-finals. Manchester United, managed by Matt Busby defeated Red Star 2–1 in the first leg in England before drawing 3–3 with them in Yugoslavia in the return match on 5 February at JNA Stadium.[6] The second leg is notable for being the last match played by the Busby Babes: on the return flight to England the following day, the plane crashed in Munich, resulting in the deaths of 23 people, including eight Manchester United players.

During the Miljan Miljanić era, Red Star won four Yugoslav championships, three Yugoslav cups, two Yugoslav supercups, one Yugoslav league cup, one Mitropa Cup and reached the semi-finals of the 1970–71 European Cup. A new generation of players emerged under Miljanić's guidance, led by Dragan Džajić and Jovan Aćimović. Red Star eliminated Liverpool in the second round of the 1973–74 European Cup and Real Madrid in the quarter-finals of the 1974–75 European Cup Winners' Cup. Branko Stanković, whose reign as head coach was to last four years, brought Red Star three trophies and the first great European final. After eliminating teams like Arsenal, West Bromwich Albion and Hertha BSC, Red Star made for the first time the UEFA Cup final. There, Red Star met Borussia Mönchengladbach, who played five European finals from 1973 to 1980. The Germans fell behind one goal from Miloš Šestić, but Ivan Jurišić's own goal gave Gladbach a psychological advantage before the rematch. This game was played at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf, where the Italian referee Alberto Michelotti gave a questionable penalty to the Germans, and the Danish player Allan Simonsen sealed Red Star's fate. The Foals won 2–1 on aggregate.[7]

After the 1970s, historical matches against Udo Lattek's Barcelona followed during the 1982–83 European Cup Winners' Cup. In both matches, Barcelona were the better team and Red Star was eliminated. Remarkably, when Barça's Diego Maradona scored his second goal in front of approximately 100,000 spectators at the Marakana, the Belgrade audience were so excited about the goal that even the loyal Belgrade fans applauded Maradona.[8] Gojko Zec returned to the team in 1983, finding only one player from the champions generation he was coaching back in 1977, Miloš Šestić. Zec similarly repeated the club's triumph from his previous mandate by winning the championship immediately upon his arrival. Zec would later leave the club in a controversial Šajber's case-style scandal which was the result of irregularities in the 1985–86 season.

After Zec left in 1986, there were great changes in the club. The management of the club, run by Dragan Džajić and Vladimir Cvetković, began to build a team that could compete with some of the most powerful European sides. During that summer, Velibor Vasović became coach and the side was strengthened by acquiring a number of talented young players, among whom Dragan Stojković and Borislav Cvetković stood out. In the first season that started with penalty points, Red Star focused on the European Cup and achieving good results. In 1986, a five-year plan was developed by the club and Prof. Dr Veljko Aleksić with the only goal being to win the European Cup.[9] All that was planned was finally achieved. On the club's birthday in 1987, it started. Real Madrid were defeated at the Marakana. From that day through to March 1992, Red Star enjoyed the best period of success in its history. In these five seasons, Red Star won four National Championships; in the last of those four years of heyday, the club won the 1991 European Cup Final, played in Bari, Italy.

Red Star coach Ljupko Petrović brought the team to Italy a week before the final in order to peacefully prepare the players for a forthcoming encounter with Marseille. By that time, Red Star had 18 goals in 8 matches, whereas the French champions had 20. Therefore, the 100th European competing final was expected to be a spectacle of offense. Nonetheless, both Petrović and Raymond Goethals opted for defence and the match settled down into a war of attrition. After a 120-minute match and only few chances on both sides, the match was decided following the penalty shootout. After several minutes of stressful penalties, one of Marseille's players, Manuel Amoros, missed a penalty, and Darko Pančev converted his penalty to bring the European Cup to Yugoslavia for the first time. Red Star won the shootout, 5–3, on 29 May 1991 in front of 60,000 spectators and the millions watching on television around the world. Twenty-thousand Red Star fans at the Stadio San Nicola and millions of them all over Yugoslavia and the world celebrated the greatest joy in Red Star's history.[10] Red Star went unbeaten at the 1990–91 European Cup in Bari and the 1991 Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo.

In 1992, the club was weakened by the departure of numerous players from the champions generation (new players were added, such as Dejan Petković and Anto Drobnjak). The success in the previous season caught the attention of European giants which rushed making lucrative offers to sign Red Star's best players. In addition, Red Star had to defend the continental trophy playing its home games in Szeged, Budapest and Sofia due to the war in former Yugoslavia, thereby reducing their chances of defending their title. UEFA changed the format of the competition that year and the 1991–92 European Cup was the first to be played in a format with two groups each having four teams. Despite the disadvantage of playing its home games abroad, Red Star still did well and finished second in the group behind Sampdoria. In domestic competition, main rivals Hajduk Split and Dinamo Zagreb left the league, just as all the other clubs from Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia did, and the championship in Yugoslavia that was cut in size was played on the edge of observance of regulations around the beginning of the Bosnian War. At the end of May, the United Nations had the country under sanctions and dislodged Yugoslav football from the international scene. The Breakup of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Wars, the inflation and the UN sanctions have hit Red Star hard. In the period between May 1992 and May 2000, only one championship victory was celebrated at the Marakana. However, they did manage to win five cups, along with several glorious European performances, including the famed 1996 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup showdown against Barcelona side which featured Ronaldo and Hristo Stoichkov.

Dejan Stanković was the youngest captain ever in Red Star's history.

Immediately after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia ended, Red Star won the 17th cup in its history by winning 4–2 against Partizan. Two seasons later, the club returned to the European spotlight by making it to the 2001–02 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds, where Red Star was eliminated by Bayer Leverkusen (0–0 and 0–3), which would later be a finalist in the Champions League that year. Slavoljub Muslin left the bench in September 2001, after which Red Star's subsequent seasons became more volatile.

Recent era

[edit]

In the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds, Red Star was eliminated (3–1 on aggregate) by the same Milan side which ultimately won that year's competition. Furthermore, the campaign in Group F of the 2007–08 UEFA Cup was a large disappointment, especially given that the first game against Bayern Munich was a sensational last-minute loss (by a score of 2–3 in Belgrade). In those years, Red Star's teams featured the likes of Nikola Žigić, Boško Janković, Milan Biševac, Dušan Basta, Dejan Milovanović, Segundo Castillo, Ibrahima Gueye, Nenad Milijaš and Ognjen Koroman. After a six-year drought, Red Star won their 26th league title in 2013–14 season.

Crvena zvezda in 2013.

Despite Red Star's success on the pitch in 2013–14, the financial situation at the club has worsened, so much so that the club were banned from participating in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League for which they qualified by winning the Serbian SuperLiga. The UEFA Club Financial Control Body found Red Star's debts to players, some of whom had not been paid for at least six months, staff and other clubs, totalled €1.86 million. The club board were also alleged to have hidden debts and falsified documents. This, on top of an earlier UEFA disciplinary measure in 2011, meant Red Star did not meet the necessary Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play criteria and, as such, should not have been granted a UEFA license by the Serbian FA.[11] Rivals Partizan took Red Star's place in the UEFA Champions League second qualifying round.

After ten years of waiting, Red Star qualified for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League group stage. Red Star progressed through four qualifying rounds and reached the knockout phase of the tournament, becoming the first team in competition's history to reach the knockout phase after starting their season in the first qualifying round.[12] Although Red Star played in the group stage of the first edition in which groups format was introduced in the European Cup, 1991–92 European Cup, the designation "Champions League" was only adopted a season later in which Yugoslav clubs were already banned from participating in. Thus, when Red Star eliminated Red Bull Salzburg in the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League play-off round, and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage, it meant that Red Star competed for the first time since the new format was introduced.[13] Red Star became the first Serbian team to win a match in the UEFA Champions League when they defeated Liverpool.[14]

On 14 May 2019, the 1946 People's Republic of Serbia League title was officially recognized by the Serbian FA, meaning that Red Star's triumph in the 2018–19 Serbian SuperLiga was their 30th national championship. Red Star reached the UEFA Champions League group stage for the second successive season after eliminating Sūduva, HJK Helsinki, Copenhagen and Young Boys. On 5 November 2019, cable television channel Zvezda TV started airing.

In the 2020–21 Serbian SuperLiga, Red Star set a world record for the number of points gained in a single season with 108 points.[15] Red Star won their eighth Serbian SuperLiga title in a row and completed their fifth consecutive double in the 2024–25 season.

Crest and colours

[edit]
Red Star adopted the iconic red and white vertical stripe jersey in 1950.

Red Star initially wore yellow shirts with a red star which were acquired from FK Slavija (from Čubura). In 1946, the club switched to red shirts with white shorts and alternating red-white socks before adopting the signature red and white vertical striped shirts, with alternating white or red shorts and socks in 1950.[16][17][18][19] The red and white stripes have become indivisible to Red Star's image, conferring the popular nickname Crveno-beli, "the red and white's" in Serbian. The club continued to wear the initial pre-stripe kit throughout its existence, but has generally declined in usage. During the 1950s and 1960s, the club also alternated between blue trunks, a long white V-neck on a red shirt, and a red shirt with thin white horizontal lines.[20][21][22]

Red Star have usually worn an all-white away kit, whilst also utilizing predominantly blue or red away or third kits, thereby incorporating the Serbian tricolour.[23][24][25] The club crest is a red five-pointed star, white framed, on a red-white background. In addition, the whole crest is framed in gold. There are three golden stars on the top of the club emblem, symbolizing the 30 titles won.[26]

Despite the club's overtly Communist name and imagery, Red Star Football Club has become a symbol in its own right. The "petokraka" from which the club's name derives has paradoxically become a symbol of the club itself, moving further away from its original association with the Partisans and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Due to Red Star's popularity and sporting success, the club and its crest have become synonymous with broader Serbian identity, and patriotism that echoes beyond the sporting landscape.[27][28][29]

Stadium

[edit]

Red Star's home ground is the Rajko Mitić Stadium (since 21 December 2014), formerly known as Red Star Stadium. With a seated capacity of 51,755 it is the largest stadium in Serbia and in the former Yugoslavia. The stadium was opened in 1963, and in the course of time and due to the fact that stadium's former capacity was about 110,000, it got the unofficial moniker Marakana, after the large and famous Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Belgrade's sold-out Marakana garnered the reputation of being a very tough ground for visiting teams to play in. Some of the biggest football events have been held at this stadium, such as the European Cup final between Ajax and Juventus in 1973, UEFA European Championship final between West Germany and Czechoslovakia in 1976, and the first leg of the UEFA Cup final between Red Star and Borussia Mönchengladbach in 1979. During the mid-1990s, in order to meet UEFA demands for spectators comfort and security, standing places at the stadium were completely done away with and seats were installed on all four stands. In the years, since the stadium's capacity was gradually decreased, followed different stadium modernisations.

Rajko Mitić Stadium viewed from the air.

In 2008, the club reconstructed the stadium's pitch, under-soil grass heaters, improved drainage systems were installed and new modern turf replaced the old surface. The training pitch, located next to the stadium, was also renovated by laying down synthetic turf and installing new lighting equipment. In 2011, the stadium received also a new modern LED scoreboard. Today, the stadium has a central lodge, named 5 Zvezdinih Zvezda (English: 5 Stars of Red Star), which consist of five segments, each bears the name of one of Red Star's legendary players (Mitić, Šekularac, Džajić, Petrović, Stojković), two other VIP lounges and a special VIP gallery with over 450 seats. It has also a modern press box with a capacity of 344 seats including seven extra-comfortable seats, an extra media center, the Red Cafe and a restaurant. On the west stand of the stadium exist also an official Red Star shop along with a Delije shop. The playing field measures are 110 × 73 m, and is illuminated by 1,400 lux floodlights. According to the known German Web portal "Stadionwelt", Belgrade's "Marakana" is in the top 50 football stadiums in Europe.[30] In 2012, American Bleacher Report ranked the Red Star Stadium, especially if it is sold out, as among the most intimidating stadiums in the world.[31]

Youth academy

[edit]

History

[edit]

Some of the most notable home-grown players are Dragan Džajić, named the all-time Serbian best player (the choice of the Football Association of Serbia on the 50th anniversary of UEFA, known as the Golden Player), who reached third place at the election for the European Footballer of the Year in 1968, then Dragoslav Šekularac – a runner-up with Yugoslavia at 1960 European Nations' Cup, Vladimir Petrović – the fourth Star of Red Star, Vladimir Jugović – two times the European Cup winner (with Red Star and Juventus), as well as Dejan Stanković and Nemanja Vidić.

Further notable home-grown players include Vladica Popović, Ratomir Dujković, Stanislav Karasi, Slobodan Janković, Ognjen Petrović, Vladislav Bogićević, Dušan Nikolić, Zoran Filipović, Dušan Savić, Milan Janković, Boško and Milko Gjurovski, Stevan Stojanović, Vladan Lukić, Zvonko Milojević, Zoran Jovičić, Ivan Adžić, Nebojša Krupniković, Goran Drulić, Nenad Lalatović, Marko Pantelić, Ognjen Koroman, Vladimir Dišljenković, Marko Perović, Dejan Milovanović, Dragan Mrđa, Boško Janković, Dušan Basta, Vujadin Savić, Slavoljub Srnić, Filip Stojković, Uroš Spajić, Srđan Mijailović, Marko Grujić, Luka Jović and Strahinja Eraković.

Former Red Star and Real Madrid coaching legend Miljan Miljanić was also a member of Red Star's youth school.

Current coaching staff

[edit]

Supporters

[edit]

Red Star is the most popular football club in Serbia.[32][33] The club has fans and sympathisers throughout the whole country, but also throughout the regional and global Serbian diaspora, making the club a symbol of Serbdom. Fan groups are widespread throughout Serbia and former Yugoslav republics, and the club has the highest social media following amongst former Yugoslav football teams.[34] Traditionally, Red Star has been represented as the people's club, whilst always attracting support from all social classes, their fan base is not associated with any specific social group. Red Star ultras Delije espouse patriotic, nationalist and right-wing sentiments.[35][36]

The organized supporters of Red Star are known as Delije, roughly translated in English as the "Heroes", "Braves", "Hardman" or "Studs". The term derives from the plural of the singular form "Delija", in Serbian. Delije support all branches of the Red Star multi-sport society. They are one of the most famous supporter groups in the world, renowned for their passion and fanaticism.[37][38]

Delije section at Rajko Mitić Stadium.

Hardcore supporters began to emerge during the 1980s, with official inauguration taking place in 1989. Previously, Red Star fans were scattered amongst several organized fan groups within the north terrace of the Rajko Mitić Stadium, colloquially known as "Marakana". Their style of support is greatly influenced by Italian and English football culture of the 1980s. It includes the use of widespread choreography, flares, flags, banners, and boisterous cheering.[39] The word Delije is displayed (in Cyrillic) on the north terrace seats of Rajko Mitić Stadium as a sign of appreciation, and fidelity between the club and supporters. Subgroups of Delije exist outside of Belgrade, along with cities across Serbia and all other ex-Yugoslav republics. Despite Red Star's broad fan base, Delije have developed an infamous reputation for hooliganism amongst some segments of its ultras, especially during Belgrade derbies.[40][41]

Due to historically warm Serbo-Hellenic relations, Red Star's Delije ultras have developed a strong kinship with Olympiacos ultras Gate 7. The "Orthodox Brothers" friendship is based on mutual Eastern Orthodox faith, a strong cultural marker amongst the Serbs and Greeks.[42] Both clubs also share the same colours, and are from the national capitals. They are also the most decorated football teams in their respective countries. The brotherhood has evolved to include Spartak Moscow ultras Fratria, owing to strong Russophilia and a shared Slavic heritage.[43][44]

The Eternal derby

[edit]
Graffiti of the Delije at Rajko Mitić Stadium.

Red Star's fiercest and long-standing city rival is FK Partizan, football section of the other large and popular multi-sports club in Serbia. The rivalry started immediately after the creation of the two clubs in 1945. Since then, both clubs have been dominant in domestic football. The match is particularly noted for the passion of the Red Star's supporters, called Delije, and Partizan's supporters, the Grobari (English: "Gravediggers" or "Undertakers"). The stands of both teams feature fireworks, coloured confetti, flags, rolls of paper, torches, smoke, drums, giant posters and choreographies, used to create visual grandeur and apply psychological pressure on the visiting teams, hence the slogan, "Welcome to Hellgrade". Both sets of supporters sing passionate songs against their rivals, and the stadiums are known to bounce with the simultaneous jumping of the fans. The duel is regarded as one of the greatest football rivalries in the world and the matches between these rivals have been labeled as the Eternal derby. Given its widespread touch on the entirety of a major city, it is dubbed one of, along with the Old Firm, the Rome derby and the Istanbul derby, the most heated rivalries in European football.[45] The biggest attendance for a Red Star – Partizan match was about 108,000 spectators at the Rajko Mitić Stadium.

Honours

[edit]

Red Star has won 4 international and 70 domestic trophies, making it the most successful football club in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia.

Domestic competitions (70)

[edit]

National Championships – 36 (record)

National Cups – 29 (record)

National Super Cups – 2 (record)

National League Cup – 1 (shared record)

  • Yugoslav League Cup
    • Winners (1): 1972–73[47]

National Champions League – 2 (record)

  • Yugoslav Summer Champions League
    • Winners (2): 1971, 1973[48]

International competitions (4)

[edit]

Red Star is the most successful club from Serbia (and former Yugoslavia) in all European competitions, and the only club from Eastern Europe that has won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. On 27 October 2017, FIFA officially recognized all winners of the Intercontinental Cup as club world champions, in equal status to the FIFA Club World Cup. The club competed in 62 European seasons, and the most notable results are:

Friendly tournaments (21)

[edit]

Individual awards

[edit]

Domestic

[edit]

International

[edit]

Club records

[edit]

Dragan Džajić is Red Star's record appearance holder with 389 matches. The goalscoring record holder is Bora Kostić with 230 goals. Numerous Red Star players were in the Yugoslavia national team and Branko Stanković, Rajko Mitić, Vladimir Beara, Bora Kostić, Vladimir Durković, Dragoslav Šekularac, Miroslav Pavlović, Jovan Aćimović, Dragan Džajić, Vladimir Petrović, Dragan Stojković and Dejan Savićević are among them. Dragan Džajić played 85 matches for the Yugoslavia national football team, a national record.

Red Star holds records such as to be only the second foreign team that could beat Liverpool at Anfield (after Ferencváros in the 1967–68 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup), which was also the only defeat of Liverpool at home in the European Cup history in the whole 20th century (during the 1973–74 European Cup).[49] Red Star was also the first team that could beat Bayern Munich on the Olympiastadion in its long UEFA competition history (during the 1990–91 European Cup).[50]

They are the only Serbian (and ex-Yugoslav) club, and only the second team from Eastern Europe, to have won the European Cup, having done so in 1991, which was also the 100th UEFA competition final. Red Star is among the nine clubs which have ever won the European Cup unbeaten. They are also the only team from the Balkans and Southeast Europe to have won the Intercontinental Cup, also in 1991. The Romanian football player Miodrag Belodedici was the first ever Red Star player to have won the European Cup with two different teams, Steaua București and Red Star; curiously, both of the team's names mean "Star". Later, double winners were also Dejan Savićević (Red Star and Milan) and Vladimir Jugović (Red Star and Juventus).

Top ten most appearances of all-time

[edit]
Rank. Player Period Apps
1 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragan Džajić 1963–75; 1977–78 389
2 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bora Kostić 1951–61; 1962–66 341
3 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vladimir Petrović 1972–82 332
4 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Jovan Aćimović 1965–76 318
5 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Boško Gjurovski 1978–89 299
6 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rajko Mitić 1945–58 294
Serbia Milan Rodić 2017–25
8 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vladica Popović 1953–65 291
9 Serbia Aleksandar Katai 2014–16; 2020– 280
10 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Miloš Šestić 1974–84 277

Top ten scorers of all-time

[edit]
Rank. Player Period Goals
1 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bora Kostić 1951–61; 1962–66 230
2 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragan Džajić 1963–75; 1977–78 155
3 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dušan Savić 1973–82 149
4 Serbia Aleksandar Katai 2014–16; 2020– 144
5 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Zoran Filipović 1970–80 138
6 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosta Tomašević 1945–54 137
7 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vojin Lazarević 1966–70; 1972–74 134
8 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Darko Pančev 1988–92 116
9 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rajko Mitić 1945–58 109
10 Serbia and Montenegro Mihajlo Pjanović 1999–03 92

Source

Club all-time European record

[edit]


Red Star Belgrade Seasons Pld W D L GF GA W %
Representing Serbia Serbia 19 153 53 41 59 211 218 34.64
Representing Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro 11 66 26 20 20 109 80 39.39
Representing Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 33 179 89 30 60 347 235 49.72
Total 63 398 168 91 139 667 533 42.21
Competition Pld W D L
European Cup / UEFA Champions League 173 76 36 61
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League 168 70 43 55
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 34 12 10 12
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 21 9 2 10
UEFA Super Cup 1 0 0 1
Intercontinental Cup 1 1 0 0
Total 398 168 91 139
As of 23 October 2025

UEFA Ranking

[edit]
As of 2 October 2025[51]
Rank Team Points
57 Greece PAOK 38.250
58 Hungary Ferencváros 37.000
59 Scotland Celtic 36.000
60 Serbia Red Star Belgrade 35.000
61 France Stade Rennais 35.000
62 Spain Athletic Bilbao 32.750
63 Switzerland Basel 32.500

Best results in international competitions

[edit]
Season Achievement Notes
European Cup / UEFA Champions League
1990–91 Winners defeated France Marseille 0–0 in Bari, 5–3 pen.
1956–57 Semi-finals lost to Italy Fiorentina 0–1 in Belgrade, 0–0 in Firenze
1970–71 Semi-finals lost to Greece Panathinaikos 4–1 in Belgrade, 0–3 in Athens
1991–92 Semi-finals finished second in a group with Italy Sampdoria, Belgium Anderlecht and Greece Panathinaikos
1957–58 Quarter-finals lost to England Manchester United 1–2 in Manchester, 3–3 in Belgrade
1973–74 Quarter-finals lost to Spain Atlético Madrid 0–2 in Belgrade, 0–0 in Madrid
1980–81 Quarter-finals lost to Italy Internazionale 1–1 in Milan, 0–1 in Belgrade
1981–82 Quarter-finals lost to Belgium Anderlecht 1–2 in Brussels, 1–2 in Belgrade
1986–87 Quarter-finals lost to Spain Real Madrid 4–2 in Belgrade, 0–2 in Madrid
UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League
1978–79 Runners-up lost to West Germany Borussia Mönchengladbach 1–1 in Belgrade, 0–1 in Düsseldorf
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
1974–75 Semi-finals lost to Hungary Ferencváros 1–2 in Budapest, 2–2 in Belgrade
1971–72 Quarter-finals lost to Soviet Union Dynamo Moscow 1–2 in Belgrade, 1–1 in Moscow
1985–86 Quarter-finals lost to Spain Atlético Madrid 0–2 in Belgrade, 1–1 in Madrid
UEFA Super Cup
1991 Runners-up lost to England Manchester United 0–1 in Manchester
Intercontinental Cup
1991 Winners defeated Chile Colo-Colo 3–0 in Tokyo
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
1961–62 Semi-finals lost to Spain Barcelona 0–2 in Belgrade, 1–4 in Barcelona
1962–63 Quarter-finals lost to Italy Roma 0–3 in Rome, 2–0 in Belgrade
Mitropa Cup
1958 Winners defeated Czechoslovakia Rudá Hvězda Brno 4–1 in Belgrade, 3–2 in Brno
1967–68 Winners defeated Czechoslovakia Spartak Trnava 0–1 in Trnava, 4–1 in Belgrade
1957 Semi-finals lost to Hungary Vasas 1–3 in Budapest, 2–3 in Belgrade

Biggest win in UEFA competition:

Season Match Score
European Cup / UEFA Champions League
1957–58 Red Star – Stade Dudelange 9–1
1969–70 Red Star – Linfield 8–0

Players

[edit]
As of 20 September 2025[52][53][54]

First team

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK  BRA Matheus
3 DF  COL Keimer Sandoval (on loan from Betis)
4 MF  MNE Mirko Ivanić (captain)
5 DF  BRA Rodrigão
6 MF  GAM Mahmudu Bajo
7 MF  ANG Felício Milson
10 MF  SRB Aleksandar Katai (vice-captain)
13 DF  SRB Miloš Veljković
14 FW  NGA Peter Olayinka
17 FW  BRA Bruno Duarte
18 GK  ISR Omri Glazer
19 FW  SRB Aleksa Damjanović
20 MF  POR Tomás Händel
21 MF  SVN Timi Max Elšnik
22 MF  SRB Vasilije Kostov
No. Pos. Nation Player
23 DF  ARM Nair Tiknizyan
24 DF  SRB Nikola Stanković
25 DF  SRB Stefan Leković
30 DF  NGA Franklin Tebo Uchenna
33 MF  BIH Rade Krunić (3rd captain)
37 MF  SRB Vladimir Lučić
40 MF  SRB Luka Zarić
49 MF  SRB Nemanja Radonjić
50 GK  SRB Savo Radanović
66 DF  KOR Seol Young-woo
71 DF  SRB Adem Avdić
77 GK  SRB Ivan Guteša
80 MF  GAB Shavy Babicka
89 FW  AUT Marko Arnautović

Players with multiple nationalities

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On dual registration

[edit]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
19 FW  SRB Aleksa Damjanović (with Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
40 MF  SRB Luka Zarić (with Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
45 DF  BIH Stefan Gudelj (with Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
No. Pos. Nation Player
50 GK  SRB Savo Radanović (with Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
71 DF  SRB Adem Avdić (with Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)

Other players under contract

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
28 GK  SRB Vuk Draškić
45 DF  BIH Stefan Gudelj
60 MF  MKD Matej Gashtarov
No. Pos. Nation Player
65 DF  MKD Gorazd Ristovski
70 FW  SRB Uroš Đorđević

Out on loan

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
8 MF  SRB Jovan Šljivić (at Serbia OFK Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
31 FW  SRB Uroš Sremčević (at Serbia Mladost Lučani until the end of the 2025–26 season)
33 DF  SRB David Đurić (at Serbia Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
41 MF  GHA Edmund Addo (at Serbia OFK Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
No. Pos. Nation Player
73 MF  RUS Yegor Prutsev (at Serbia OFK Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
77 GK  MNE Balša Popović (at Serbia OFK Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
MF  NGA Ismail Adeleke (at Serbia Grafičar Beograd until the end of the 2025–26 season)
FW  MNE Ivan Nikčević (at Serbia Dinamo Jug until the end of the 2025–26 season)

Captains

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Retired number(s)

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11 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragan Džajić, winger (1963–1975, 1977–1978)

On 2 September 2022, Red Star Belgrade announced that the squad number 11 will be retired from the 2023–24 season.[55]

12 – Delije (the 12th Man)

26 Serbia Goran Gogić, midfielder (2013−2014) – posthumous honour.

Since 2014, Red Star Belgrade have not issued the squad number 26 in the Serbian SuperLiga. It was retired in memory of Goran Gogić, who died on 3 July 2015, aged 29.[56] Gogić had also been assigned with jersey 25 for the 2014–15 season, which he had worn in Jagodina previously.[57] Since then some of players, like Marko Marinković and Milan Jevtović used to be registered for the UEFA competitions. Jevtović also made his debut for the club with 26 jersey in summer 2018, but later chose number 33 in the domestic competition.[58]

Club officials

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Coaching history

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For details see List of Red Star Belgrade football coaches

Club presidents

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  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Mita Miljković (1948–51)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Isa Jovanović (1951–52)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Sava Radojčić (1952–54)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragoslav Marković (1954–55)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Milić Bugarčić (1955–56)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dragoje Đurić (1956)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dušan Blagojević (1956–60)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Milić Bugarčić (1960–63)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Radovan Pantović (1963–65)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Dušan Blagojević (1965–68)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Nikola Bugarčić (1968–77)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Radovan Pantović (1977–81)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Brana Dimitrijević (1981–82)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vlastimir Purić (1982)
  • Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Miladin Šakić (1982–87)
  • Serbia and Montenegro Svetozar Mijailović (1987–93)
  • Serbia and Montenegro Dragan Džajić (1998–04)
  • Serbia Dragan Stojković (2005–07)
  • Serbia Toplica Spasojević (2007–08)
  • Serbia Dobrivoje Tanasijević (2008–09)
  • Serbia Vladan Lukić (2009–12)
  • Serbia Dragan Džajić (2012–14)
  • Serbia Svetozar Mijailović (2014–present)

Notable players

[edit]

Stars of Red Star

[edit]

Red Star has almost a 50-year-long tradition of giving the title of the Star of [Red] Star or The Star's star (Serbian: Звездина звезда / Zvezdina zvezda) to the players that had a major impact on the club's history and have made the name of the club famous around the globe. So far, five players and the entire 1991 team were officially given the title. They are:

The 1991 European Cup Winner Generation

[edit]

Generation 1991 with 21 players was presented at the ceremony by president Svetozar Mijailović.[59]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
GK  YUG Stevan Stojanović
GK  YUG Željko Kaluđerović
GK  YUG Milić Jovanović
DF  YUG Duško Radinović
DF  YUG Slobodan Marović
DF  YUG Refik Šabanadžović
DF  ROU Miodrag Belodedici
DF  YUG Ilija Najdoski
DF  YUG Goran Vasilijević
DF  YUG Goran Jurić
DF  YUG Rade Tošić
No. Pos. Nation Player
MF  YUG Vladimir Jugović
MF  YUG Robert Prosinečki
MF  YUG Dejan Savićević
MF  YUG Siniša Mihajlović
MF  YUG Vlada Stošić
MF  YUG Ivica Momčilović
FW  YUG Darko Pančev
FW  YUG Dragiša Binić
FW  YUG Vladan Lukić
FW  YUG Ljubiša Milojević

Notable players

[edit]
To appear in this section a player must have played at least 80 matches for the club.
Flags indicate national teams they played for, not nationality.

Notable foreign players

[edit]
To appear in this section a player must have played at least 30 matches for the club.

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

[edit]
Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1977–78 Admiral
1979 Puma
1980–86 Kristal Zaječar
1986–87 de LUXE
1987–88 Lee Cooper
1988–89 Casucci
1989–90 Mister Baby
1990–91 DEXIM
1991–93 Hummel Classic
1993–94 Komercijalna banka
1994–96 Diadora Beobanka
1996–98 Kappa
1998–01 Pils Light
2001–03 Adidas
2003–05 Wiener Städtische
Sharp
2005–06 Toyota
2006–08 Nike
2008–09
2010 2344 – Za moju Zvezdu
2010–12 Gazprom
2012–13 Legea
2013–17 Puma
2017– Macron

General sponsor

[edit]

The general sponsor of Serbia's most popular football club has, since 2010, been Gazprom Neft, the majority shareholder in leading Serbian company Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS), and the most important foreign investor in the country. The club has won ten Serbian championship titles and six Serbian Cups in that time, as well as regularly competing in European championships. This cooperation, as well as supporting Gazprom Neft's brands, also involves collaborating in youth football together with FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, with the clubs exchanging youth players and holding friendly youth matches.

[edit]

The club's name in Serbian is also the title of the 2013 Italian novel Crvena Zvezda by Enrico Varrecchione. Written in the alternate history genre, utilizing elements of uchronia, its story is based on the premise of what if 9 November 1988 return leg of the European Cup second round clash between Red Star and AC Milan hadn't been ordered abandoned by German referee Dieter Pauly in the 65th minute due to thick fog that night in Belgrade. Red Star were leading 1–0 after a goal by Dejan Savićević and were also a man up due to Milan striker Pietro Paolo Virdis receiving a red card. After abandonment, UEFA cancelled the match and ordered it replayed in full the next day. This time it finished 1–1 and went to penalties (the first leg in Milan also ended 1–1) where Milan won and went through to the quarter-finals, eventually winning the European Cup — thus getting the coveted trophy again after twenty years, the club's first under its recently arrived owner, ambitious businessman Silvio Berlusconi. In the novel's parallel universe, Red Star won 9 November 1988 match in Belgrade and eliminated AC Milan, which thus never won its 1989 European Cup, meaning that Berlusconi's ultimate entry into Italian politics had a much weaker background push, which adversely affected his performance at the 1994 Italian general election.[60] The novel also follows the fate of Red Star's fictional striker, loosely based on Savićević, Jovan Eldzic who scored the famous goal in the fog and later went on to transfer to AC Milan where he achieved more accolades, eventually taking Italian citizenship, remaining living in Italy upon retiring from football before entering politics and running for mayor of a small town in Piedmont's Alessandria province.[60]

Billy Bragg's 1991 UK top thirty hit song "Sexuality" contains the lyric "I had an uncle who once played for Red Star Belgrade." When interviewed many years later Bragg was asked if this was true, to which he replied that his uncle actually played for Fulham but that did not fit the rhyme with played.[61]

Two non-related bands, one of them from Great Yarmouth, Great Britain,[62][63] and the other one from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States,[64] shared the name Red Star Belgrade.

A football club in Ecuador, in the city of Cuenca, created in 1961, is inspired in Red Star Belgrade. It is named CDS Estrella Roja. Estrella Roja is the translation and the way Red Star is known in Spanish speaking countries. The club crest is even the same as the one Red Star had between 1995 and 2011.[65]

A junior football team called 'Lenadoon Red Star' played in West Belfast, Northern Ireland, from 1972 to 1975 during the height of The Troubles. The team wrote to Red Star Belgrade in the early 1970s, asking if they could donate any kits to the young team, but Red Star Belgrade wrote back saying they couldn't afford to send over any kits.[66]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
FK Crvena zvezda, known internationally as Red Star Belgrade, is a Serbian professional football club based in that competes in the country's top division, the SuperLiga. Founded in March 1945 shortly after , the club established itself as a powerhouse in Yugoslav and later Serbian football, playing home matches at the since 1963. Red Star holds the distinction of being the only team from the or to win the European Cup, triumphing in 1991 via a against after a 0–0 draw in the final, followed by victory in the Intercontinental Cup against later that year. Domestically, it dominates with numerous league titles and cups, including 14 Serbian championships and 10 national cups, underpinned by a massive fanbase embodied in the ultras group , whose fervent support and occasional involvement in hooliganism have marked the club's cultural footprint amid intense rivalries, particularly the Eternal Derby with crosstown foes Partizan.

History

Founding and Early Development (1945–1960s)

Red Star Belgrade, known in Serbian as FK Crvena Zvezda, was founded on March 4, 1945, in by members of the United Alliance of Anti-Fascist Youth of Serbia, a communist-aligned active in the post-World War II period. The initiative aimed to establish a new sports society amid the reorganization of Yugoslav athletics under the emerging , with Đorđe Paljić elected as the first president. On the day of founding, the club played its inaugural match against the First Battalion of the Second Belgrade Brigade of the , securing a 3–0 victory, with Kosta Tomašević scoring the first goal in club history. In 1946, Red Star competed in the Serbian Championship, a six-team regional tournament, which it won to qualify for national competition. The club debuted in the that season, finishing third behind Dinamo and Partizan . Early domestic success followed with three consecutive victories from 1948 to 1950, including a 3–0 final win over Partizan in 1948. Red Star claimed its first national league title in 1951, clinched in a decisive last-day against Partizan. The mid-1950s marked the onset of Red Star's first sustained dominance, propelled by key figures such as forward and striker . The club secured multiple league championships, including in 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, and 1958–59, alongside additional cup triumphs. Internationally, Red Star entered the European Cup in 1956–57, reaching the semi-finals before elimination by Fiorentina (aggregate 0–1), and advanced to the quarter-finals in 1957–58 against Manchester United (aggregate 5–4). By the early , the team had won five league titles and five cups overall, though it faced growing competition from Partizan, culminating in a league-cup double in 1964. In 1968, Red Star added the Central European Cup to its honors.

Rise in Yugoslav Football (1970s–1980s)

During the 1970s, Red Star Belgrade emerged as a dominant force in Yugoslav domestic football, securing the First Federal League title in the 1972–73 season with key contributions from midfielder Jovan Ačimović and under the guidance of coach , who led the club to four championships between 1968 and 1977. The team repeated this success in the 1976–77 campaign, again with Ačimović playing a pivotal role, finishing ahead of rivals like Partizan and Hajduk Split through a combination of technical skill and defensive solidity. These victories, alongside multiple triumphs—including in 1970 and 1971—underscored Red Star's growing organizational strength and youth development system, which produced talents like , the club's all-time leading scorer with over 200 goals. Red Star's ascent was particularly evident in European competitions, where the club demonstrated tactical sophistication beyond domestic confines. In the 1970–71 European Cup, they advanced to the semi-finals, defeating 5–0 on aggregate in the quarter-finals before falling to Panathinaikos (4–1 home win, 0–3 away loss), a run that highlighted their attacking prowess led by Džajić's five goals in the tournament. The following years brought further notable results: elimination of (1–1 away, 2–1 home) in the second round, a tie that exposed English clubs to Yugoslav football's fluid passing style and prompted tactical reflections in Britain. By the late , reached the final, overcoming teams like West Bromwich Albion and en route to a 1–2 aggregate defeat against (1–1 home, 0–1 away), with scoring their lone goal. Entering the 1980s, Red Star maintained competitive edge through consistent league contention and European quarter-final appearances, including in the 1980–81 and 1981–82 European Cups, where they faced and , respectively, building resilience against stronger Western European sides. Domestic resurgence culminated in the 1987–88 First League title, won under manager , signaling the maturation of a squad blending veterans like with emerging stars such as . This period's blend of titles, cups, and continental exposure elevated Red Star above perennial challengers, fostering a reputation for tactical innovation and player quality that contrasted with the era's political centralization in Yugoslav sports governance.

1991 European Cup Triumph and Yugoslav Dissolution

Red Star Belgrade's path to the featured victories over (1–1 away, 3–0 home in the first round), Rangers (3–0 away, 1–1 home in the second round), (3–0 home, 1–2 away in the quarter-finals), and Bayern Munich (2–2 away, 2–0 home in the semi-finals). The team, managed by Vladica Popović, relied on a multi-ethnic squad including Serbs, Croats, , and others, with key contributions from forwards (European Cup top scorer with 6 goals) and Duško Radinović, midfielders , , and , and defender . The final on 29 May 1991 at Stadio San Nicola in Bari, Italy, against Olympique de Marseille ended 0–0 after extra time, with Red Star prevailing 5–3 in the penalty shootout; Stevan Stojanović saved Bernard Pardo's shot, and Manuel Amoros missed for Marseille, while Red Star's takers—Pančev, Savićević, Prosinečki, Šabanadžović, and Sinđa Mihajlović—scored all theirs. This marked the first European Cup win for a Yugoslav club and the only one for Red Star, achieved through a defensive strategy emphasizing counter-attacks and set-piece proficiency against Marseille's possession-based play. The triumph occurred against the backdrop of escalating ethnic and political tensions in , where and declared independence on 25 June 1991, triggering armed conflicts and the federation's dissolution by late 1991. Red Star's success, built on players from diverse republics, highlighted football's temporary transcendence of divisions, yet the subsequent wars prompted an immediate exodus of talent: Prosinečki joined Real Madrid in July 1991, Jugović and Mihajlović moved to clubs by 1992, and Savićević transferred to in 1992, depriving the club of its core for years amid economic isolation. Croatian and Slovenian clubs withdrew from the after the 1990–91 season, reducing competition and leaving Red Star in a Serbia-Montenegro-dominated structure by 1992. initially permitted Red Star's title defense but imposed a ban on Yugoslav teams from European competitions starting in the 1992–93 season due to UN sanctions over the conflicts.

Sanctions, Wars, and Isolation (1990s)

Following the triumphant 1991 European Cup victory, Red Star Belgrade encountered profound disruptions from the escalating and subsequent . Ethnic tensions, exemplified by the violent riot at the May 13, 1990, match against Dinamo Zagreb in —where clashes between fans of the two clubs injured dozens and symbolized broader nationalist fractures—contributed to the federation's disintegration. and declared independence in June 1991, followed by in 1992, prompting armed conflicts that engulfed the region until 1995. Red Star, based in , operated within the remaining Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FR Yugoslavia, comprising ), but the wars severed ties with former rival clubs in seceding republics, effectively dismantling the unified after the 1991–92 season. United Nations Security Council Resolution 757, adopted on May 30, 1992, imposed comprehensive sanctions on in response to its role in the , including a prohibition on participation in international sporting events. This measure, aimed at isolating the Milošević regime economically and diplomatically, directly extended to football: and suspended FR Yugoslav clubs, including Red Star, from European and international competitions effective from the 1992–93 season. The ban persisted until March 1996, when partial lifting of sanctions allowed limited re-entry, depriving Red Star of lucrative European revenue and exposure for four seasons. As a direct consequence, the club initiated a of key players in June 1992, offloading talents like to and Robert Prosinečki to Real Madrid at undervalued prices to generate immediate foreign currency amid frozen assets and travel restrictions. Compounding the isolation, FR Yugoslavia endured from 1992 to 1994, the second-worst in , with monthly rates peaking at 313 million percent in January 1994, eroding the dinar's value and crippling club operations through skyrocketing costs for wages, maintenance, and imports. Red Star's management struggled with payroll in stable currencies, leading to further talent exodus— transferred to for a fraction of his market worth—and reliance on schemes for equipment and funding, practices noted in Serbian football during the embargo era. Domestically, the club adapted to the newly formed FR Yugoslavia First League, securing titles in 1994–95 and 1995–96, maintaining competitive edge through academy products and remaining veterans. However, the absence of continental challenges stalled development, fostering a generation gap as scouts and transfers to accelerated, while stadium attendance and sponsorships dwindled under economic duress. The period marked Red Star's transition from European elite to isolated survivor, with long-term scars from lost commercial opportunities estimated to have cost tens of millions in potential earnings.

Post-Milošević Recovery and Domestic Dominance (2000s–2010s)

Following the ouster of in October 2000, Red Star Belgrade experienced a period of institutional stabilization amid Serbia's transition from the Federal Republic of to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, and eventual independence as in 2006, which facilitated the lifting of lingering restrictions from the 1990s sanctions era. This enabled consistent qualification for European competitions without prior isolation constraints, though financial strains persisted, including later debt restructurings supported by government intervention in 2012. Domestically, the club reasserted competitive footing by capturing the 2000–01 FR championship, marking an early recovery signal after years of wartime disruptions. Red Star alternated titles with crosstown rival Partizan throughout much of the decade, securing the Serbia and Montenegro league crowns in 2003–04 and 2005–06, followed by the inaugural title in 2006–07. This yielded three championships in four seasons, underscoring renewed organizational resilience despite economic challenges in post-sanctions . European efforts yielded modest advances, including progression to the group stage, where the team recorded one win, three draws, and two losses against opponents like Udinese and Levadia . A similar group stage appearance occurred in the , with results including a 4–0 home victory over amid otherwise uneven performances. Partizan's dominance from 2007–08 to 2012–13, claiming six consecutive SuperLiga titles, interrupted Red Star's momentum, during which the club finished as runners-up multiple times but grappled with internal mismanagement and fan-related tensions. Red Star reclaimed supremacy in 2013–14, ending Partizan's streak with a 23-win, 2-loss regular season record en route to the title, bolstered by key contributions from forwards like . Subsequent triumphs in 2015–16, 2017–18 (featuring a 2.47 points-per-game average over 37 matches), and 2018–19 solidified domestic late in the decade, with the latter campaign including a record-equaling 36th overall. These successes reflected improved squad depth from youth promotions and selective transfers, though European progress remained limited to qualifying rounds, such as third qualifying defeats in the 2018–19 Champions League to Suduva Marijampole (aggregate 2–1).

Recent Seasons and European Campaigns (2020s)

In the 2020–21 season, Red Star Belgrade secured their third consecutive title, finishing with 82 points from 38 matches, including 25 wins, 7 draws, and 6 losses, ahead of rivals Partizan by 11 points. They also won the , defeating Partizan 3–1 in the final on May 23, 2021. This domestic success under coach was marked by a strong offensive output, scoring 83 goals while conceding 34. The 2021–22 and 2022–23 campaigns saw extend their dominance, clinching the SuperLiga titles with 78 points in 2021–22 (24 wins, 6 draws, 8 losses) and 82 points in 2022–23 (25 wins, 7 draws, 6 losses), respectively, maintaining an average goal difference of +49 across both seasons. , appointed in June 2020, led the team to these victories before his dismissal in March 2023 amid a rare dip in form. The club continued winning the in 2022, beating Radnički 3–1 in the final. The 2023–24 season brought another SuperLiga triumph with 84 points from 37 matches (26 wins, 6 draws, 5 losses), scoring 77 goals and conceding 29, under returning coach until his tragic death in December 2023, after which Miloš Milojević and then Vladan Đurđević stabilized the squad. Red Star defended the , defeating 2–1 in the May 23, 2024 final. Entering the 2024–25 season as champions, they maintained an unbeaten start with 10 wins and 0 losses by early October 2024, positioned first with a +32 . In European competitions, Red Star's 2020s campaigns have featured consistent Champions League qualifying efforts as Serbian champions, often culminating in drops to the Europa League or Conference League. In 2020–21 UEFA Champions League qualifiers, they advanced past (aggregate 4–1), (10–0), and Araqua (5–1 aggregate) to the third qualifying round, losing 2–4 on aggregate to Young Boys before entering the Europa League group stage, where they finished second behind with 10 points from 6 matches (3 wins, 1 draw, 2 losses). They progressed to the Europa League round of 32, drawing 2–2 at home but losing 1–4 on aggregate to after extra time on February 25, 2021. The 2021–22 season saw Red Star eliminated in Champions League third qualifying round by Ludogorets Razgrad (2–3 aggregate), dropping to the Europa League group stage alongside Napoli, Leicester City, Spartak Moscow, and , where they earned 9 points (3 wins, 0 draws, 3 losses) but finished third and exited. In 2022–23, they reached Champions League playoffs, defeating Pyunik (7–0 aggregate) but losing to RB Salzburg (3–6 aggregate), then entered the Europa Conference League league phase, accumulating 11 points from 6 matches without advancing further. Subsequent years reflected similar patterns: 2023–24 Champions League qualifiers ended in third round defeat to BK Häcken (3–4 aggregate), leading to Europa Conference League playoffs where they beat Ludogorets (5–1 aggregate) before falling to Fenerbahçe (2–4 aggregate). In 2024–25, Red Star progressed through Champions League qualifiers, drawing 1–1 away to Lech Poznań on August 12, 2024, to reach playoffs, but later shifted to Europa League group stage encounters, including a 0–2 loss to Sporting Braga. These efforts highlight Red Star's financial and squad advantages over domestic peers enabling regular European exposure, though structural disparities with top leagues have limited progression beyond early knockout stages.

Identity and Infrastructure

Crest, Colours, and Symbolism

The crest of FK Crvena Zvezda, known as Red Star Belgrade, centers on a five-pointed red star, outlined and framed in gold against a white field. Three smaller golden stars appear above the central emblem, introduced in 2019 upon the club's 30th national league title, with each star denoting ten championships. The current version, adopted in 2011, closely resembles the design used from 1950 to 1995, incorporating "ФК ЦРВЕНА ЗВЕЗДА" lettering in Cyrillic around the border. Red Star's official colours are and , originating from the club's name, "Crvena Zvezda," translating to "." Home kits typically feature a divided by accents, paired with and , while away and third kits vary but maintain the core palette enriched by gold and occasional blue elements. The emblem draws from communist , reflecting the club's establishment on March 4, 1945, by Yugoslav communist officials as a counter to pre-war clubs deemed bourgeois. Despite these partisan roots, the symbol has evolved into a potent marker of Serbian sporting identity and , emblematic of the club's dominance and cultural significance beyond ideological origins.

Stadium and Training Facilities

The , situated at Ljutice Bogdana 1a in Belgrade's district, functions as the primary home venue for Red Star Belgrade since its opening on , 1963. Constructed on the site of the former FK Jugoslavija stadium—ceded to Red Star in 1945 after the 1927 original's demolition on December 27, 1959—the project involved excavating 350,000 cubic meters of earth and 15,000 cubic meters of stone to create the foundational structure. Initially designed for up to 110,000 spectators in the , it recorded a verified peak attendance of 96,070 during a 1975 match, with estimates suggesting over 110,000 present on occasions. Subsequent renovations prioritized safety and UEFA compliance, including the elimination of standing terraces in the and installation of seating, which lowered the all-seater capacity to 51,755. The stadium received its current name in December 2014 to honor former player and club icon (1922–2008). On-site amenities encompass five premium viewing boxes dedicated to club legends such as Mitić and , a VIP gallery accommodating over 450 guests, along with cafes and merchandise outlets. In September 2023, Serbian authorities announced plans for a comprehensive 205.5 million USD overhaul aimed at elevating the facility to elite European standards, though implementation details remain pending as of 2025. Red Star's training infrastructure includes a dedicated center in , where the main pitch underwent resurfacing with hybrid turf in October 2017 to enhance durability and play quality. The club has also developed additional training grounds in the city, incorporating modern synthetic and natural surfaces for squad preparation and youth programs. Adjacent to the main , supplementary pitches support daily sessions, reflecting the club's emphasis on integrated facilities for professional and developmental training.

Youth Academy and Development System

The youth academy of FK Crvena Zvezda, referred to as the Omladinska Škola, operates as a structured pipeline for talent identification and development, emphasizing technical proficiency, tactical awareness, and physical conditioning from early ages. Established alongside the club's founding in , the system has evolved to include age-group categories such as pioneers (under-13), cadets (under-15), (under-17), and juniors (under-19), competing in Serbia's national youth championships and international tournaments like the Youth Champions League. The academy's philosophy prioritizes gradual, holistic player progression, integrating individual training, small-group sessions, and speed-agility drills to build fundamental skills required for professional football. This approach has yielded over 670 Serbian players who have competed abroad, underscoring the system's export of talent to European and global leagues. Notable graduates include Dragan Džajić, recognized as Serbia's greatest player; Dragoslav Šekularac; Vladimir Jugović; Nemanja Vidić; Dušan Tadić; Sergej Milinković-Savić; Nemanja Matić; and Aleksandar Kolarov, many of whom debuted through the academy before achieving success in top-tier clubs like Manchester United, Lazio, and Tottenham Hotspur. Training facilities are centered at the club's Belgrade complex, including the auxiliary Stadion Omladinaca with a capacity of approximately 1,000, supplemented by annual youth camps for skill refinement and scouting. Recent investments focus on contract extensions for promising talents and competitive success, with youth and cadet teams securing national championships in multiple seasons, including victories over rivals like Metalac and Partizan in 2023–2024 fixtures. The development system extends internationally through a network of 18 affiliated academies, such as those in and , which replicate Crvena Zvezda's methodology to scout and nurture global prospects while funneling select talents to the parent club. This expansion supports sustained domestic dominance, with academy products regularly integrating into the senior squad amid Serbia's competitive football landscape.

Supporters and Fan Culture

Origins and Structure of Delije

The Delije, the primary ultras group supporting Red Star Belgrade, emerged in the late 1980s through the unification of disparate fan collectives that had occupied the north stand of the Marakana Stadium. This consolidation reflected growing organizational efforts among hardcore supporters amid rising attendance and fervor during Red Star's successful campaigns, including the club's path to the 1990–1991 European Cup final. Prior to this unification, Red Star's dedicated fandom comprised smaller, independent subgroups such as the Red Devils, , Zulu Warriors, and , which handled , , and away travel independently. These groups, active since the and early 1980s, laid the groundwork for coordinated support but lacked a singular identity until the adoption of the term ""—the plural of delija, denoting "brave ones" or "heroes" in Serbian—to symbolize resilience and . under this banner occurred in 1989, marking a shift toward structured culture with the north stand designated as their territory, complete with seating arranged to spell "DELIJE." In terms of structure, Delije functions as a loose rather than a centralized entity, with subgroups retaining autonomy for local actions like matchday displays and regional mobilization while aligning under the overarching Delije banner for major events. This decentralized model, common in European scenes, prioritizes grassroots participation over formal leadership, enabling rapid coordination for tifos, chants, and fan marches but also contributing to internal fluidity and occasional factionalism. Additional subgroups, such as Ultra Boys, Red Boys, and , emerged or integrated post-formation to handle specialized roles like away support and recruitment. The group's estimated membership numbers in the thousands, drawn predominantly from Belgrade's working-class neighborhoods, with influence extending to communities.

Role in Matches and Community

The Delije play a central role in Red Star Belgrade matches by generating an electrifying atmosphere through coordinated chants, elaborate tifos, and pyrotechnic displays that rally the team and unsettle opponents. Occupying the north stand at , they produce thunderous vocal support, often drowning out stadium anthems and creating decibel levels that rival Europe's most intense fan groups. Their displays, such as large-scale choreographies during qualifiers against teams like Celtic in 2025, have been characterized as awe-inspiring and pivotal in boosting player morale. Delije members frequently travel en masse to away fixtures, sustaining unwavering backing even in hostile environments, which contributes to Red Star's reputation for formidable . In the broader community, the Delije Foundation channels supporter energy into humanitarian efforts, focusing on aid for ethnic Serbs in and . In July 2020, the group raised funds and donated 400 euros to Goraždevac residents for a well to irrigate strawberry plantations, alongside other targeted assistance like medical supplies and infrastructure support. The foundation organizes recurring drives, marking its 32nd nationwide campaign by February 2025, often timed to cultural dates like to encourage participation across . These initiatives, rooted in Orthodox communal values, extend to events such as humanitarian concerts in communities, fostering solidarity beyond football while reinforcing ties to Serbian heritage.

Political and Social Influence

The , Belgrade's ultras group, have exerted significant political influence through their promotion of and involvement in events signaling the dissolution of Yugoslavia. In May 1990, members rioted during a match against Dinamo Zagreb in Maksimir Stadium, an incident widely regarded as an early violent clash foreshadowing the , with hooligans from both sides engaging in brutal fights that halted the game and symbolized rising ethnic tensions. This event underscored the group's role in amplifying nationalist sentiments, rejecting Yugoslav unity in favor of Serbian particularism, as evidenced by chants like " Serbia, never ." During the 1990s, leadership intersected with paramilitary activities; Željko Ražnatović, known as , transitioned from heading the group to commanding the , recruiting fans into units implicated in war crimes across the . Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić has publicly identified as a former member, highlighting the ' ties to political figures who leverage their organizational networks for influence, though the group has at times clashed with the ruling , including disruptions at opposition rallies in where fan factions united to counter protests. Ideologically, align with right-wing , fostering anti-communist and pro-Orthodox sentiments that shape public discourse on issues like Kosovo's status. Socially, Delije wield influence through organized violence and participation in civic unrest, often blurring lines between fandom, hooliganism, and activism. The group maintains a reputation for extreme hooliganism, with members involved in riots during title celebrations, such as the May 2021 clashes in Belgrade where fans torched vehicles and fought police amid nationalist outbursts. In June 2025, approximately 200 Delije members joined student protests in Belgrade against government policies, leading to clashes with police and injuring officers, demonstrating their capacity to mobilize for broader social grievances despite internal divisions—such as their condemnation of unauthorized protest banners in Belgrade Arena in December 2024. This dual role extends to shaping community attitudes via stadiums as venues for political expression, where hooligan networks influence public opinion on nationalism and governance, often protected by political patronage that shields them from full accountability for violence.

Rivalries and Derbies

Eternal Derby with Partizan Belgrade

The Eternal Derby, or Večni derbi, pits Red Star Belgrade against Partizan Belgrade in what is widely regarded as Serbia's most vehement football , dividing the capital along fan, neighborhood, and historical lines. Both clubs trace their origins to 1945, amid Yugoslavia's post-World War II reconfiguration under communist rule: Partizan emerged from the , embodying military discipline, while Red Star was established by affiliates linked to local police and security apparatus. This institutional schism—army versus party loyalists—fostered early antagonism, amplified by the clubs' rapid ascent as Belgrade's dominant forces in the nascent Yugoslav league. The first competitive encounter took place on 5 January 1947 at Partizan's stadium, under sub-zero temperatures reaching minus 19 degrees Celsius, with prevailing 4–3 in a match attended by thousands undeterred by the weather. Since then, the fixture has produced over 200 clashes across league, cup, and European contexts, with holding a commanding edge: historical tallies show approximately 114 victories for against Partizan's 80 or fewer, alongside around 70 draws, though precise figures depend on whether pre-1992 Yugoslav matches are fully included. 's largest margin came in a 6–0 league win during the 1991–92 season, while Partizan's standout triumph was a 7–1 rout on 6 December 1953. These results underscore 's domestic supremacy, correlating with their 36 titles to Partizan's 12 as of 2025. Matches unfold amid electrifying supporter displays from Red Star's and Partizan's , who deploy flares, banners, and synchronized chants to dominate the auditory and visual spectacle, often rendering stadiums like Red Star's a of noise exceeding 100 decibels. Yet this intensity routinely escalates into disorder, with hooligan elements—tied to in some analyses—provoking pitched battles, pitch invasions, and assaults on security forces. In 1999, a Red Star fan perished from a Partizan-fired rocket flare striking the away section; a 2015 derby at Red Star's ground was halted for over 30 minutes after clashes injured 35 police officers; and a 2017 pre-match melee left 17 hospitalized, mostly Partizan supporters. Such episodes have prompted sanctions, including fan bans and fines totaling millions of euros, reflecting the derby's causal link to broader societal fractures like and economic grievance, rather than mere ing passion.

Interstate Rivalries and Historical Clashes

Red Star Belgrade's interstate rivalries primarily emerged during the Yugoslav era, when the club competed in the national First League against teams from other republics, notably Croatia's Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split. These encounters transcended sport, mirroring escalating ethnic and political divisions within the federation, with fan groups like clashing against Croatian ultras such as and Torcida. Matches often featured heightened security and sporadic violence, reflecting broader societal frictions rather than mere athletic competition. The fiercest rivalry developed with Dinamo Zagreb, culminating in the infamous riot on May 13, 1990, at Zagreb's Maksimir Stadium. What began as a league fixture devolved into chaos after pitch invasions by fans armed with flares, stones, and bats; police intervention failed to contain the melee, leading to over 140 injuries, one confirmed death from stabbing, and widespread property damage. The unrest, involving up to 15,000 participants, halted the game after nine minutes and symbolized the unraveling of Yugoslav unity, with subsequent analyses linking it to rising Serbian-Croatian nationalism amid Slovenia and Croatia's independence pushes. In league play from 1946 to 1991, Red Star faced Dinamo 90 times, securing 32 wins, 28 draws, and 30 losses, with a goal tally of 120-115. Post-dissolution, the clubs have met sporadically in European qualifiers, including preliminaries in 2021, where lingering animosity prompted travel restrictions and fan bans. Rivalry with Split, rooted in competitive parity and regional pride, saw similar tensions, exemplified by the May 4, 1980, league match in Split interrupted in the 41st minute by the announcement of Josip Broz Tito's death, prompting a minute of silence amid emotional fan unity across divides. The 1990-91 season's final, scheduled between the sides in , was canceled due to escalating war risks, following a tense 1991 league win for (1-0) attended by only two away supporters amid threats. Head-to-head league records stood at 92 matches, with Red Star claiming 32 victories, 25 draws, and 35 defeats, goals at 125-128. These clashes underscored football's role as a proxy for interstate discord, though Red Star maintained dominance in titles won (19 Yugoslav championships versus Hajduk's 7).

Achievements

Domestic Honours

Red Star Belgrade holds the record for the most domestic league titles in Serbian and former Yugoslav football, with 36 championships in total: 22 from the Yugoslav leagues spanning 1946 to 1992 and 14 from the and predecessors since 1992. These include a dominant run of eight consecutive titles from 2017–18 to 2024–25, underscoring the club's sustained supremacy in post-Yugoslav competitions. The club has also claimed 29 national cup titles, comprising 19 from 1948 to 2002 and 10 Serbian Cups, with the latter featuring five consecutive wins from 2020–21 to 2024–25 as part of domestic doubles. Early successes in the included three straight victories from 1948 to 1950, establishing Red Star as a cup powerhouse alongside its league prowess. Additional domestic honors encompass two Serbian SuperCups and one Yugoslav League Cup in 1972–73, further highlighting the breadth of achievements.

International Competitions

Red Star Belgrade's most prominent success in international competitions occurred during the campaign, culminating in a 0–0 draw against in the final on 29 May 1991 at in , , followed by a 5–3 victory in the . This triumph represented the club's sole major European title and established it as the only Yugoslav team to win the competition, achieved through an undefeated run that included victories over Rangers, , Bayern Munich, and Marseille. As European champions, Red Star participated in the 1991 Intercontinental Cup, defeating Colo-Colo 3–0 on 13 December 1991 at the National Stadium in , , with goals from , Sinisa Mihajlović, and . The club also competed in the 1991 , losing 1–0 on aggregate to Manchester United across two legs in March 1992. In the UEFA Cup, Red Star advanced to the final in the 1978–79 edition but fell 2–1 on aggregate to , with the decisive away leg ending 1–0 in on 23 May 1979. Earlier European Cup participations included a semi-final appearance in 1956–57, where the team was ousted by Fiorentina after a 2–0 aggregate loss, and multiple quarter-final reaches in 1980–81 (eliminated by ), 1981–82 (by Dynamo Kyiv), and 1986–87 (by Real Madrid). Subsequent efforts yielded group stage qualification in 2018–19, finishing third in Group C with draws against Napoli and , and further knockout-stage progress in qualifying rounds across various seasons.
CompetitionBest AchievementSeasonDetails
European Cup/UEFA Champions LeagueWinners1990–91Defeated 5–3 on penalties in final
Intercontinental CupWinners19913–0 vs.
UEFA Cup/Europa LeagueRunners-up1978–79Lost 2–1 aggregate to
UEFA Super CupRunners-up1991Lost 1–0 aggregate to Manchester United

Individual and Team Records

Dragan Džajić holds the record for the most appearances for Belgrade, with 389 matches played across his career with the club. is the all-time leading goalscorer, netting 230 goals in all competitions. In domestic league play, established a with 122 consecutive unbeaten home matches, spanning from 2015 to December 9, 2023, surpassing Real Madrid's previous mark of 121 games set between 1957 and 1965. The club also recorded an 18-game winning streak in the during the 2015–16 season under coach . The largest margin of victory came in a 9–1 win over Stade Dudelange in the 1957–58 first round second leg on October 2, 1957. The heaviest defeat occurred in a 0–6 loss to Bayern in the group stage on November 26, 2019. The highest recorded attendance at was 125,000 for a UEFA Cup quarter-final first leg against Real Madrid on March 5, 1975. In European competitions, Red Star's all-time domestic record includes 942 wins from 1,653 matches, with 3,301 goals scored. The club achieved its sole European Cup title in 1990–91, defeating 5–3 on penalties in the final.

Current Squad and Management

First-Team Roster

The first-team roster of Red Star Belgrade for the 2025–26 season includes 31 players, with goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards forming the core group; the squad features 18 foreign nationals comprising 58.1% of the total and maintains an average age of 25.4 years. This composition balances seasoned performers, such as 36-year-old Austrian-Serbian forward , with emerging prospects like 16-year-old Serbian forward Luka Zaric. The roster, as detailed below, reflects active senior squad members eligible for domestic and European competitions.

Goalkeepers

No.PlayerNationalityAge
18 / 29
1Matheus / 33
77Ivan Guteša23
28Vuk Draskic18
50Savo Radanovic / Bosnia-Herzegovina16

Defenders

No.PlayerNationalityAge
5Rodrigão30
13Milos Veljkovic / 30
25Stefan Leković21
30Franklin Tebo Uchenna25
3Keimer Sandoval20
45Stefan GudeljBosnia-Herzegovina / 19
23Nair Tiknizyan / 26
71Adem Avdic18
66Young-woo Seol26
24Nikola Stankovic22

Midfielders

No.PlayerNationalityAge
20Tomás Händel / 24
33Rade KrunicBosnia-Herzegovina / 32
6Mahmudu Bajo21
21Timi Max Elsnik27
22Vasilije Kostov / 17
4Mirko Ivanic / 32
1034

Forwards

No.PlayerNationalityAge
7Milson / 26
1429
4929
37Vladimir Lucic23
8025
40Luka Zaric16
17 / 29
89Marko Arnautovic / 36
19Aleksa Damjanovic / 16

Coaching and Technical Staff

The of FK Crvena Zvezda as of October 2025 is , a Serbian tactician who previously managed the club during the 2020–2021 and 2023–2024 seasons, achieving domestic league titles in both periods before a brief stint abroad. , known for implementing a high-pressing, attacking style rooted in possession dominance, was reappointed in mid-2024 following the dismissal of his predecessor amid inconsistent European results. Supporting Milojević are assistant coaches Nebojša Milošević, who focuses on tactical preparation and youth integration, and Mikić, responsible for player development and match analysis. The goalkeeping coaching duo consists of Dušan Gasić, a former professional with over 300 league appearances, and Nemanja Supić, emphasizing shot-stopping drills and distribution skills. The technical staff includes fitness coaches Ivan Vucević and Nikola Todorić, tasked with conditioning regimens tailored to the rigors of SuperLiga and , alongside match analyst Vladimir Simić for video and opponent profiling. Additional roles encompass Bojan Damjanović as performance analyst and a medical team led by club doctor, ensuring injury prevention and recovery protocols aligned with elite-level demands.
RoleNameNationalityNotes
Head CoachSerbianAppointed 2024; multiple domestic titles.
Assistant CoachNebojša MiloševićSerbianTactical and youth focus.
Assistant CoachNikola MikićSerbianDevelopment specialist.
Goalkeeping CoachDušan GasićSerbianExperienced former player.
Goalkeeping CoachNemanja SupićSerbian/BosnianDistribution emphasis.
Fitness CoachIvan VucevićSerbianConditioning lead.
Match AnalystVladimir SimićSerbianVideo and scouting.

Club Leadership and Presidents

The presidency of FK Crvena Zvezda, commonly known as Red Star Belgrade, oversees the club's strategic direction, financial management, and competitive operations as the highest executive role within the football department of the multi-sport . The position is elected by the club's assembly and works alongside vice-presidents, a general director, and specialized directors for sports, operations, and corporate affairs. Svetozar Mijailović has held the since December 11, 2014, focusing on stabilizing the club's finances and youth development amid Serbia's post-Yugoslav football landscape. Under his tenure, secured multiple titles and advanced in European competitions, though the club faced financial fair play scrutiny in the mid-2010s. Vice-presidents include Jovan Aćimović and Milenko Kostić, with serving as general director since 2014, handling day-to-day administration and transfer policies rooted in his economics background. Historically, the first president was Đorđe Paljić, elected on March 4, 1945, during the club's founding by Yugoslav communist officials to promote working-class sports. Notable later figures include , a legendary winger who served as president from 1998 to 2004 and again from December 2012 to June 2014, leveraging his on-field legacy—over 500 appearances and key roles in 1960s European successes—to guide the club through post-war transitions, though his second term ended amid internal disputes. , another iconic player, presided from July 2005 to October 2007, achieving two domestic doubles but departing due to board conflicts. Toplica Spasojević briefly led from late 2007, emphasizing business-oriented reforms via his ITM Group ties. Džajić retains honorary president status since December 2014, advising on legacy matters without operational authority. These presidencies reflect patterns of former stars influencing governance, often prioritizing competitive revival over long-term fiscal prudence, as evidenced by recurring debt cycles documented in club financial reports.

Controversies and Criticisms

Hooliganism and Fan Violence Incidents

The ultras group , supporting Red Star Belgrade since the late 1970s, gained notoriety for organized violence against rival fans and authorities during matches across . Clashes often escalated due to ethnic tensions and affiliations, with members participating in broader conflicts beyond stadiums. A pivotal incident unfolded on , 1990, at Maksimir Stadium in during a league match against Dinamo Zagreb, where approximately 3,000 Red Star fans invaded the pitch and stands, sparking riots with Dinamo's that injured over 60 people and required military intervention; the event is widely viewed as an early harbinger of the . In domestic derbies against Partizan Belgrade, violence has persisted; a 1999 Eternal Derby saw a teenage Red Star fan killed by a launched from the Partizan section. The May 21, 2015, derby resulted in hooligan attacks injuring 35 police officers amid flares and pitch invasions. A 2017 derby involved a brawl in the stands after Red Star fans infiltrated the home end, leading to multiple arrests. Red Star-affiliated hooligan subgroups have intersected with , contributing to off-field violence; in May 2014, the leader of the subgroup 1989 was assassinated in amid turf wars. European fixtures have drawn sanctions for fan disturbances, including charges against Red Star for crowd violence during the October 3, 2018, Champions League game versus Paris Saint-Germain, where clashes outside the stadium injured supporters. imposed a fan ban for the October 24, 2018, away match at following prior racist and violent behavior. Persistent issues prompted 's 2017 warning that Serbian clubs, including Red Star, risked expulsion from competitions due to recurring riots. Post-title celebrations have fueled unrest; after clinching the 2020-21 on May 22, 2021, over 100 members were arrested following riots with fireworks, vehicle damage, and police clashes along the Sava River. Recent international clashes include the September 24, 2025, attack on a Celtic fan in by Serbian hooligans ahead of a Europa League qualifier, resulting in hospitalization. Similar post-match violence erupted after an August 2025 friendly against , with targeting away supporters.

Nationalism and Political Entanglements

Red Star Belgrade's supporter group, known as the , adopted explicit Serbian nationalist positions in the late 1980s amid rising ethnic tensions in , with chants and displays rejecting Yugoslav unity in favor of Serb particularism. This shift transformed football venues into arenas for ethnic rivalry, particularly against Croatian clubs like Dinamo , where Red Star fans' actions symbolized broader Serb assertions of dominance. A pivotal event occurred on May 13, 1990, during a league match in between and Dinamo Zagreb, where clashed violently with ultras, leading to a that injured over 200 and halted play after 13 minutes; this incident is often cited by analysts as an early spark for the , with fans viewing it as the "first battle" against Croatian separatism. The violence reflected the 's self-identification as defenders of Serbian interests, including opposition to Kosovo's autonomy, which they expressed through stadium banners and coordinated actions. During the 1990s conflicts, Red Star's fan networks intersected with recruitment; Željko Ražnatović, known as , a prominent supporter and criminal figure, leveraged club ties to enlist into the Serbian Volunteer Guard (Tiigers), a unit active in and Bosnia from 1991 onward. Arkan's group drew from nationalist fervor amplified at matches, blurring lines between fandom and wartime mobilization, though direct club endorsement remains unproven and contested by apologists as individual actions. In the post-Milošević era, Delije demonstrated conditional political agency, joining anti-regime protests at Red Star's Marakana Stadium on July 26, 2000, which signaled public rejection of Slobodan Milošević's rule shortly before his ouster. However, under President Aleksandar Vučić's administration since 2012—a self-identified former Red Star ultra—fan groups have aligned more closely with ruling Serbian Progressive Party structures, appearing at pro-government rallies and receiving implicit protection despite recurrent violence. This entanglement, critiqued by opposition voices as state tolerance of hooliganism for electoral mobilization, has fueled accusations of the club's ultras serving as informal enforcers, though empirical data on direct funding or commands is sparse and often derived from investigative journalism rather than official records. Red Star's institutional role in construction has been amplified by political elites, who historically utilized the club's success—such as the European Cup win—as a tool to bolster Serb morale during sanctions and isolation. The club's founder, Ratko Mladić's associate in some narratives, framed it as a "guardian of Serbian identity," embedding it in discourses of cultural preservation amid territorial disputes. Despite these ties, the Delije's right-wing, patriotic ethos contrasts with the club's communist origins in , highlighting an evolution driven by fan autonomy rather than consistent ideological continuity.

Sanctions, Bans, and International Backlash

In the , Red Star Belgrade faced exclusion from as a consequence of sanctions imposed on the amid the . From May 1992 to May 2000, the club was barred from participating in European tournaments, severely limiting its international exposure and forcing it to play any permitted matches on neutral territory. On June 6, 2014, excluded Red Star from the 2014–15 Champions League qualifying rounds after determining the club breached multiple provisions of its Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play regulations, including failure to settle overdue payables to other clubs and employees. The decision followed a and audit revealing outstanding debts, with Serbia's also facing potential sanctions for issuing the club a license despite irregularities; Red Star's appeal was unsuccessful, marking a significant financial and competitive setback. UEFA has repeatedly imposed spectator bans and fines on Red Star due to fan misconduct, particularly involving pyrotechnics, racism, and displays of nationalist symbolism. In November 2017, following supporters' chants and banners expressing support for convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal Ratko Mladić during a Europa League match against Arsenal, UEFA fined the club €50,000 and mandated a one-match partial stadium closure for the February 2018 home tie against CSKA Moscow; an appeal in February 2018 reduced the penalty to a previously served suspension. In September 2018, UEFA prohibited Red Star from selling tickets to fans for their Champions League away fixture against Liverpool on October 24, citing prior crowd control failures and object-throwing incidents. Similarly, in September 2019, after racist behavior including monkey chants toward opponents in a prior Champions League game, UEFA barred away ticket sales for the October 22 match at Tottenham Hotspur, though some supporters evaded the restriction, prompting post-match investigations by authorities. In December 2019, 's Club Financial Control Body fined €50,000 for late payments on overdue payables, underscoring ongoing compliance issues under Financial Fair Play rules. These measures reflect broader efforts to curb and linked to the club's ultras group, , whose actions have drawn international condemnation for glorifying wartime figures and engaging in discriminatory conduct, though the club has contested some penalties as disproportionate to its direct responsibility.

References

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