Red chalk is chalk of a reddish-brown color, which was used as a material for drawing. It is obtained from the red ochre variety of hematite.[1][2] Another term for red chalk, common in older references,[1] is sanguine (/ˈsæŋɡwɪn/). The word comes via French from the Italian sanguigna and is originally from the Latin "sanguis"; it refers to the color's similarity to that of dried blood.[citation needed]
Red chalk was used by the ancient Egyptians and ancient Romans for wall painting.[2] By the 16th century deposits were known in Italy, Spain, Flanders, France, and Germany,[1] and the material became a popular medium for drawing.[2] Leonardo da Vinci, in the late 15th century, was the first major artist to work in the medium.[2]
Red chalk lends itself naturally to sketches, life drawings, and rustic scenes.[citation needed] It is ideal for rendering modeling and volume, and human flesh.[citation needed] In the form of wood-cased pencils and manufactured sticks, it may be used similarly to charcoal and pastel. As with pastel, a mid-toned paper may be put to good use. A fixative may be applied to preserve the finished state of the drawing. The pigment used in red chalk sticks comes from red earths such as red ochre.[3] Sanguines are also available in several other tones such as orange, tan, brown, beige.
