The red rock hares are the four species of rabbit in the genus Pronolagus. They are lagomorphs of the family Leporidae living in rocky habitats across Africa. Three species are restricted to Southern Africa, while one—Smith's red rock hare (P. rupestris)—is found as far north as Kenya. The red rock hares are rufous, dark brown, or reddish-brown-tailed rabbits that vary in size, with some shared physical characteristics being short ears and a lack of an interpareital bone. They have 42 chromosomes and are active during the night, feeding only on plants. Breeding results in litters of one to two altricial young.

The red rock hares have a varied taxonomic history. Initially described as members of the genus Lepus or Oryctolagus, the genus Pronolagus was proposed in 1904 to describe a skeleton of Pronolagus crassicaudatus, which was at that time labeled under the genus Lepus. This would become the type species of the red rock hare genus. Since then, of the currently accepted members, two new species have been described as members of Pronolagus—Jameson's red rock hare (P. randensis) and Hewitt's red rock hare (P. saundersiae, originally a subspecies of P. rupestris)—while the third, Smith's red rock hare, was described in 1834 as Lepus rupestris. Two extinct species have been proposed, but one is a nomen oblitum.

All members of Pronolagus are considered least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but there are few conservation measures that apply to the red rock hares. Excepting Hewitt's red rock hare, there are seasonal hunting regulations that restrict hunting red rock hares, and various protected areas and national parks intersect the ranges of each species; however, the expansion of commercial plantations has led to habitat loss, and the population of red rock hares is expected to decrease.

Species in this genus had previously been classified in the genus Lepus, as done by J. E. Gray in 1867, or in Oryctolagus, as done by Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major in 1899. Various taxonomic interpretations have been applied to these species.

The genus Pronolagus was proposed by Marcus Ward Lyon, Jr. in 1904, based on a skeleton that had been labeled Lepus crassicaudatus I. Geoffroy, 1832. Lyon later acknowledged the work of Oldfield Thomas and Harold Schwann, which argued that particular specimen belonged to a species they named Pronolagus ruddi Thomas and Schwann 1905; he wrote that the type species "should stand as Pronolagus crassicaudatus Lyon (not Geoffroy) = Pronolagus ruddi Thomas and Schwann". P. ruddi is no longer regarded as its own species, but rather a subspecies of P. crassicaudatus.

In the 1950s, John Ellerman and Terence Morrison-Scott classified Poelagus as a subgenus of Pronolagus. B. G. Lundholm regarded Pronolagus randensis as a synonym of P. crassicaudatus. Neither of these classifications received much support.

Proposed species in this genus include:

This genus contains the following species: