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Rhoda May Knight Rindge
Rhoda May Knight Rindge, (b. 1864, d. 1941), also known as May Rindge or May K., was an American businesswoman. She was known as the Queen of Malibu as well as the Founding Mother of Malibu and L.A.'s first high-profile female environmentalist. She was the first woman to serve as president of a railroad company. Additionally, she founded Marblehead Land Company in 1921, and the Malibu Potteries in 1926, the first business in Malibu. The company originated Malibu tile, and the venture became one of Southern California's most successful of its kind alongside Catalina Pottery, Gladding, McBean, and Batchelder tile.
Rindge also founded the Malibu Movie Colony, building and renting cottages—and later selling them—to early Hollywood stars such as Bing Crosby, Gloria Swanson, and Mary Pickford. She fought bitterly to preserve her family's rancho, the Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit which extended from Los Flores Canyon in Malibu into Ventura County.
Rindge successfully diverted the course of the Southern Pacific Railroad by fighting their efforts to connect their Santa Barbara end terminus with Santa Monica; the route would have been coastal, not only infringing on the family ranch but destroying the natural beauty and topography of the Pacific Coast. In the process, Rindge constructed the Malibu Pier. Rindge subsequently became known for her battle to keep the Pacific Coast Highway—at the time, Roosevelt Highway—from accomplishing the same and similar goals. Rindge also built the 100-foot-high Rindge Dam. Furthermore, she built what became the Franciscan order's Serra Retreat. Rindge is also known as donor of the land upon which her daughter and son-in-law's home, the historic Adamson House, was built.
Rindge was born Rhoda May Knight in 1864, the eighth child of James and Rhoda Roxanna Lathrop Knight. She grew up on a sheep farm outside Trenton, Michigan with 12 siblings. By age 22, she was working as a math teacher at a local schoolhouse.
Knight's family was strictly Methodist. Her aunt, Emily Lathrop Preston, the founder and proprietor of a cult-like religious faith-healing health colony in Northern California, first brought Knight out west. Back in Michigan, Knight was paid a visit by Frederick Rindge, who had been a client at Preston's colony. He had seen a photograph of her on Preston's piano, felt enchanted, and asked Preston for her blessing in romantically pursuing her niece. Preston encouraged the coupling. Rindge had proceeded to write Knight letters, leading to their face-to-face acquaintance. Knight and Rindge determined their compatibility and within two days were engaged. They were then married within a week, moving out to California within the year, 1887, by way of first-class Pullman Palace rail car. Upon arrival, they stayed at Emily Preston's ranch before venturing to Southern California.
The Rindge couple had three children: Samuel, Frederick Jr., and Rhoda Agatha. The family first settled into a home in Santa Monica. In the 1890s, the family began utilizing a Victorian ranch home they built in Malibu Canyon, which eventually burned down in a brush fire in 1903. They also had a home in Santa Monica. It had been Rindge Sr.'s dream to come to California for its temperate climate and what he had imagined as the American Riviera when he first came to California with his father on the first transcontinental railroad. He had always wanted a farm by the sea, and once he purchased the Malibu rancho as the final Spanish land grant owner of the property, he established a cattle ranch. He also became deeply involved in civic life, from serving as director of Edison Electric, founding Conservative Life Insurance Company, and promoting Temperance by helping close saloons in Santa Monica to building Santa Monica's First Methodist Episcopal Church and taking the post of vice president of Union Oil. When he died suddenly at the age of 48 in 1905, Rhoda May Knight Rindge was left with the totality of his business dealings, setting the stage for her unusual position at the time as a woman at the helm of a major family estate.
Prior to her husband's death, there had been word that Southern Pacific intended to connect their Santa Barbara terminus with Santa Monica, which would entail running tracks right through the vast 13,315-acre Rindge property. Frederick hatched a plan to take advantage of an obscure Interstate Commerce Commission law that stated if one railway ran through a property, there could be no other railway doing the same. Hence Rindge decided to build his own private track—a utilitarian one to service his cattle ranch—but died before carrying out the plan, leaving the operation up to Rhoda May. She subsequently built the Malibu Pier and 15 miles of standard gauge track, known as the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway, that ran down the length of the pier, where a steam-powered crane lifted cattle hides and walnuts onto boats for shipment and grains onto land for cattle-feed. The operation kept Southern Pacific Railroad out of Malibu, diverting its course inland.
Rindge had successfully won her Southern Pacific Railroad battle, but on her victory's heels came homesteaders along the edge of her property demanding county roads to be laid through her ranch for the public good. Rindge was strictly opposed to the idea, entering the law office of O'Melveny & Myers in 1907 to take up the new fight against the Federal Government and People of the State of California. What ensued was an approximately 16-year fight costing Rindge over $1 million a year, first to keep out the roads, then Roosevelt Highway. The court cases were extremely complex and imbued with intense hostility, with Rindge sabotaging the public's efforts to lay roads with extreme measures. Such measures ranged from employing armed guards on horseback to patrol her property and enforce locked gates to digging up roads and replacing them with alfalfa and pigs. She waged civil suits, numbering in the hundreds, for trespass, libel, and defamation of character. Ultimately, she lost her county roads battle and, finally, her effort against Roosevelt Highway, enumerating four California Supreme Court cases and two United States Supreme Court cases, including Rindge Co. v. County of Los Angeles.
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Rhoda May Knight Rindge
Rhoda May Knight Rindge, (b. 1864, d. 1941), also known as May Rindge or May K., was an American businesswoman. She was known as the Queen of Malibu as well as the Founding Mother of Malibu and L.A.'s first high-profile female environmentalist. She was the first woman to serve as president of a railroad company. Additionally, she founded Marblehead Land Company in 1921, and the Malibu Potteries in 1926, the first business in Malibu. The company originated Malibu tile, and the venture became one of Southern California's most successful of its kind alongside Catalina Pottery, Gladding, McBean, and Batchelder tile.
Rindge also founded the Malibu Movie Colony, building and renting cottages—and later selling them—to early Hollywood stars such as Bing Crosby, Gloria Swanson, and Mary Pickford. She fought bitterly to preserve her family's rancho, the Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit which extended from Los Flores Canyon in Malibu into Ventura County.
Rindge successfully diverted the course of the Southern Pacific Railroad by fighting their efforts to connect their Santa Barbara end terminus with Santa Monica; the route would have been coastal, not only infringing on the family ranch but destroying the natural beauty and topography of the Pacific Coast. In the process, Rindge constructed the Malibu Pier. Rindge subsequently became known for her battle to keep the Pacific Coast Highway—at the time, Roosevelt Highway—from accomplishing the same and similar goals. Rindge also built the 100-foot-high Rindge Dam. Furthermore, she built what became the Franciscan order's Serra Retreat. Rindge is also known as donor of the land upon which her daughter and son-in-law's home, the historic Adamson House, was built.
Rindge was born Rhoda May Knight in 1864, the eighth child of James and Rhoda Roxanna Lathrop Knight. She grew up on a sheep farm outside Trenton, Michigan with 12 siblings. By age 22, she was working as a math teacher at a local schoolhouse.
Knight's family was strictly Methodist. Her aunt, Emily Lathrop Preston, the founder and proprietor of a cult-like religious faith-healing health colony in Northern California, first brought Knight out west. Back in Michigan, Knight was paid a visit by Frederick Rindge, who had been a client at Preston's colony. He had seen a photograph of her on Preston's piano, felt enchanted, and asked Preston for her blessing in romantically pursuing her niece. Preston encouraged the coupling. Rindge had proceeded to write Knight letters, leading to their face-to-face acquaintance. Knight and Rindge determined their compatibility and within two days were engaged. They were then married within a week, moving out to California within the year, 1887, by way of first-class Pullman Palace rail car. Upon arrival, they stayed at Emily Preston's ranch before venturing to Southern California.
The Rindge couple had three children: Samuel, Frederick Jr., and Rhoda Agatha. The family first settled into a home in Santa Monica. In the 1890s, the family began utilizing a Victorian ranch home they built in Malibu Canyon, which eventually burned down in a brush fire in 1903. They also had a home in Santa Monica. It had been Rindge Sr.'s dream to come to California for its temperate climate and what he had imagined as the American Riviera when he first came to California with his father on the first transcontinental railroad. He had always wanted a farm by the sea, and once he purchased the Malibu rancho as the final Spanish land grant owner of the property, he established a cattle ranch. He also became deeply involved in civic life, from serving as director of Edison Electric, founding Conservative Life Insurance Company, and promoting Temperance by helping close saloons in Santa Monica to building Santa Monica's First Methodist Episcopal Church and taking the post of vice president of Union Oil. When he died suddenly at the age of 48 in 1905, Rhoda May Knight Rindge was left with the totality of his business dealings, setting the stage for her unusual position at the time as a woman at the helm of a major family estate.
Prior to her husband's death, there had been word that Southern Pacific intended to connect their Santa Barbara terminus with Santa Monica, which would entail running tracks right through the vast 13,315-acre Rindge property. Frederick hatched a plan to take advantage of an obscure Interstate Commerce Commission law that stated if one railway ran through a property, there could be no other railway doing the same. Hence Rindge decided to build his own private track—a utilitarian one to service his cattle ranch—but died before carrying out the plan, leaving the operation up to Rhoda May. She subsequently built the Malibu Pier and 15 miles of standard gauge track, known as the Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway, that ran down the length of the pier, where a steam-powered crane lifted cattle hides and walnuts onto boats for shipment and grains onto land for cattle-feed. The operation kept Southern Pacific Railroad out of Malibu, diverting its course inland.
Rindge had successfully won her Southern Pacific Railroad battle, but on her victory's heels came homesteaders along the edge of her property demanding county roads to be laid through her ranch for the public good. Rindge was strictly opposed to the idea, entering the law office of O'Melveny & Myers in 1907 to take up the new fight against the Federal Government and People of the State of California. What ensued was an approximately 16-year fight costing Rindge over $1 million a year, first to keep out the roads, then Roosevelt Highway. The court cases were extremely complex and imbued with intense hostility, with Rindge sabotaging the public's efforts to lay roads with extreme measures. Such measures ranged from employing armed guards on horseback to patrol her property and enforce locked gates to digging up roads and replacing them with alfalfa and pigs. She waged civil suits, numbering in the hundreds, for trespass, libel, and defamation of character. Ultimately, she lost her county roads battle and, finally, her effort against Roosevelt Highway, enumerating four California Supreme Court cases and two United States Supreme Court cases, including Rindge Co. v. County of Los Angeles.
