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River Went
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River Went
The River Went is a river in Yorkshire, England. It rises close to Featherstone and flows eastward, joining the River Don just to the north of Pincheon Green.
The river is classified as a main river by the Environment Agency, and is therefore their responsibility. Drainage of the surrounding low level land is managed by the Danvm Drainage Commissioners, an internal drainage board. Most of the drainage ditches for which they are responsible empty into the Went by gravity, but they also manage six pumping stations in the catchment of the Went. These pump water from areas where mining subsidence from the extraction of coal has resulted in land too low to drain by gravity, and are funded by the Coal Authority. At its mouth, the river enters the River Don through a pair of pointing doors, which are designed to close to prevent high levels in the Don from passing up the Went and causing flooding.
Historically, the river has provided the power for at least five water mills, which processed corn. The building of four of them no longer exist, but that at Norton is part of a Manorial estate. The estate is a scheduled monument, while the mill is a grade II listed building, as are several of the bridges that cross the river. This includes the Wentbridge Viaduct, which opened in 1961 to carry the Ai road at high level over the valley of the Went, replacing a previous low level bridge.
The river became seriously polluted in the late 1800s and early 1900s, as a result of mining and population growth, resulting in all fish stocks dying out. Since the 1970s, efforts have been made to improve the water quality, and a programme of releasing fish from elsewhere has enabled self-sustaining populations of coarse fish to flourish in the river. In the 21st century, the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and other organisations have been working on remediation projects on the upper river, to overcome the worst effects of opencast mining. The aim is to create habitat where game fish such as trout can spawn.
The river rises at Streethouse, just to the west of Featherstone, and close to the 160-foot (49 m) contour. It is called Went Beck at this point, and flows generally eastwards, to the south of Featherstone. Just before it is crossed by the B6428 at Little Went bridge, it is joined by Hardwick Beck, flowing north-eastwards from the lakes of Nostell Park, once the site of Nostell Priory, but now containing a grade I listed Palladian house owned by the National Trust. It then flows between High Ackworth and Ackworth Moor Top, before being joined by Hoyle Mill Stream on the right bank, which flow around Fitzwilliam and through Hoyle Mill Dam. The combined flow is crossed by Low Ackworth railway viaduct.
Continuing eastwards, it is crossed by the A639 road, which follows the course of a Roman road at this point. The bridge is called Standing Flat bridge, and is just to the north of Thorpe Audlin. The bridge is one of four possible locations suggested by archaeologists and historians for the Battle of Winwaed, when King Oswiu and his troops defeated the Anglo-Saxon pagan king Penda and his army. Of the four sites, Whinmoor near Leeds and the bridge over the Went are the most likely, but neither has been conclusively proved to be the site of the battle.
The next crossing is the B6474 as it enters Wentbridge. The grade II listed bridge has two arches, made of rockfaced magnesian limestone and sandstone ashlar blocks, and is probably early nineteenth century. The A1 road bypasses Wentbridge to the east, and is carried over the river by Wentbridge Viaduct. This was designed by F. A. Sims, who was the senior designer and resident engineer for the bridges department of the West Riding County Council, and it was opened in 1961. It consists of a continuous beam, supported at its ends and by two sloping legs, which are hinged at both ends. The side spans are 140 feet (43 m) long, while the centre span is 190 feet (58 m) long. It was probably the first bridge in England to use prestressing cables which did not pass through the concrete sections, and one of the first to use precast concrete hinges. When it was built, it was the largest bridge of this kind in Europe, and in 1964 the New York City Museum of Modern Art declared it to be a structure of significance in twentieth century engineering. It is grade II listed.
Soon the river is passing through Brockadale, a steep-sided, wooded valley, before reaching Kirk Smeaton, situated on its southern bank, and Little Smeaton, on its northern bank, near which a railway used to cross, which has now been dismantled. At Norton, it passes the site of Norton mill and Norton Priory before passing under Tanpit bridge, a single arched bridge constructed of dressed stone with brick lined soffits in the early nineteenth century. By the time it reaches another railway line, it is only 16 feet (4.9 m) above sea level, and the channel is embanked on both sides to prevent flooding of the surrounding low-lying land.
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River Went
The River Went is a river in Yorkshire, England. It rises close to Featherstone and flows eastward, joining the River Don just to the north of Pincheon Green.
The river is classified as a main river by the Environment Agency, and is therefore their responsibility. Drainage of the surrounding low level land is managed by the Danvm Drainage Commissioners, an internal drainage board. Most of the drainage ditches for which they are responsible empty into the Went by gravity, but they also manage six pumping stations in the catchment of the Went. These pump water from areas where mining subsidence from the extraction of coal has resulted in land too low to drain by gravity, and are funded by the Coal Authority. At its mouth, the river enters the River Don through a pair of pointing doors, which are designed to close to prevent high levels in the Don from passing up the Went and causing flooding.
Historically, the river has provided the power for at least five water mills, which processed corn. The building of four of them no longer exist, but that at Norton is part of a Manorial estate. The estate is a scheduled monument, while the mill is a grade II listed building, as are several of the bridges that cross the river. This includes the Wentbridge Viaduct, which opened in 1961 to carry the Ai road at high level over the valley of the Went, replacing a previous low level bridge.
The river became seriously polluted in the late 1800s and early 1900s, as a result of mining and population growth, resulting in all fish stocks dying out. Since the 1970s, efforts have been made to improve the water quality, and a programme of releasing fish from elsewhere has enabled self-sustaining populations of coarse fish to flourish in the river. In the 21st century, the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust and other organisations have been working on remediation projects on the upper river, to overcome the worst effects of opencast mining. The aim is to create habitat where game fish such as trout can spawn.
The river rises at Streethouse, just to the west of Featherstone, and close to the 160-foot (49 m) contour. It is called Went Beck at this point, and flows generally eastwards, to the south of Featherstone. Just before it is crossed by the B6428 at Little Went bridge, it is joined by Hardwick Beck, flowing north-eastwards from the lakes of Nostell Park, once the site of Nostell Priory, but now containing a grade I listed Palladian house owned by the National Trust. It then flows between High Ackworth and Ackworth Moor Top, before being joined by Hoyle Mill Stream on the right bank, which flow around Fitzwilliam and through Hoyle Mill Dam. The combined flow is crossed by Low Ackworth railway viaduct.
Continuing eastwards, it is crossed by the A639 road, which follows the course of a Roman road at this point. The bridge is called Standing Flat bridge, and is just to the north of Thorpe Audlin. The bridge is one of four possible locations suggested by archaeologists and historians for the Battle of Winwaed, when King Oswiu and his troops defeated the Anglo-Saxon pagan king Penda and his army. Of the four sites, Whinmoor near Leeds and the bridge over the Went are the most likely, but neither has been conclusively proved to be the site of the battle.
The next crossing is the B6474 as it enters Wentbridge. The grade II listed bridge has two arches, made of rockfaced magnesian limestone and sandstone ashlar blocks, and is probably early nineteenth century. The A1 road bypasses Wentbridge to the east, and is carried over the river by Wentbridge Viaduct. This was designed by F. A. Sims, who was the senior designer and resident engineer for the bridges department of the West Riding County Council, and it was opened in 1961. It consists of a continuous beam, supported at its ends and by two sloping legs, which are hinged at both ends. The side spans are 140 feet (43 m) long, while the centre span is 190 feet (58 m) long. It was probably the first bridge in England to use prestressing cables which did not pass through the concrete sections, and one of the first to use precast concrete hinges. When it was built, it was the largest bridge of this kind in Europe, and in 1964 the New York City Museum of Modern Art declared it to be a structure of significance in twentieth century engineering. It is grade II listed.
Soon the river is passing through Brockadale, a steep-sided, wooded valley, before reaching Kirk Smeaton, situated on its southern bank, and Little Smeaton, on its northern bank, near which a railway used to cross, which has now been dismantled. At Norton, it passes the site of Norton mill and Norton Priory before passing under Tanpit bridge, a single arched bridge constructed of dressed stone with brick lined soffits in the early nineteenth century. By the time it reaches another railway line, it is only 16 feet (4.9 m) above sea level, and the channel is embanked on both sides to prevent flooding of the surrounding low-lying land.
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