Sir Robert Sheffield MP (before 1462 – 10 August 1518) was an English lawyer and Member of Parliament. He was Speaker of the House of Commons between 1512–1513.

Robert Sheffield was born before 1462 in Butterwick, Lincolnshire to Sir Robert Sheffield MP (1432 – 18 August 1502) of South Cave, Yorkshire and Jane Lounde, the daughter and coheir of Alexander Lownde of Butterwick, Lincolnshire.

Sheffield was educated in law at Inner Temple.

Sheffield served as Recorder of London from at least 21 September 1495 to April 1508 to 1508, and was thus an ex officio Member of Parliament for the City of London in 1495, 1497 and 1504. Bernard Andreas states that Sheffield resigned the recordership in April 1508.

Sheffield held several governmental positions and commissions in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and London, including commissioner of sewers in Lincolnshire from 1485 until his death, commissioner of oyer and terminer in London in 1495 and 1503, commissioner for benevolence in 1500, commissioner for subsidy in Lincolnshire in 1504, 1512, 1514 and 1515, and in London in 1504.

Sheffield held several stewardships, including Steward of the Bishop of Durham's liberty of Howden, Yorkshire from March 1493, Steward of the manor of Stoke Bardolph and others in Nottinghamshire from February 1508 until his death and Steward of the manor of Kirton, Lincolnshire and crown lands in Kingston-upon-Hull and elsewhere in Yorkshire from July 20, 1509 until his death.

Sheffield served as Justice of the Peace in Lincolnshire from 1495-7 and 1510-16 or later, and in Nottinghamshire from 1511-16 or later.

Sheffield served was a commander at the Battle of Blackheath during the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, and was knighted by Henry VII on 17 June 1497 after the battle.