Robin Fleming is an American medievalist and a professor of history at Boston College. She was the president of the Medieval Academy of America for 2023-2024 and a 2013 MacArthur Fellow. She has written several books focusing on the people of Roman Britain and early medieval Britain, using both archaeological evidence and written records.

Fleming received her B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1977 and 1984.

Fleming has been the Matina S. Horner Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard (2009–2010), a Member of the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (2002–2003), a Fellow of the Guggenheim Foundation (2002), a Fellow of the Bunting Institute at Harvard (1993–94), and a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows (1986–89).

Fleming is a fellow of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Royal Historical Society, the London Society of Antiquaries, and the Medieval Academy of America.

In 2022, Fleming gave the Ford Lectures at Oxford on "Dogsbodies and Dogs' Bodies: A Social and Cultural History of Roman Britain’s Dogs and People".

Fleming served as president of the Medieval Academy of America from 2023 to 2024.