A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term rock formation can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies.

A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination:

Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the landscape that can be formed by natural processes:

Here is an incomplete list of rock formations by continent.