As World War II escalated, Goldberg turned his attention to political cartooning. He used his artistic skills to express his views on the war, fascism, and other pressing political issues. This shift demonstrated his commitment to social and political commentary.

Goldberg created powerful anti-Nazi and pro-war cartoons that were widely circulated and praised for their effectiveness. His work played a role in shaping public opinion and supporting the war effort. These cartoons were often more serious in tone compared to his humorous inventions.

After the war, Goldberg continued to produce political cartoons that addressed issues such as the Cold War, the threat of communism, and the challenges of international relations. He used his platform to advocate for peace and understanding, while also remaining critical of political ideologies he opposed.

Rube Goldberg was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning for his cartoon "Peace Today," which commented on the challenges of post-war peace negotiations. This prestigious award recognized his significant contribution to political discourse and his artistic excellence.