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Russian Sign Language
Russian Sign Language (RSL) is the sign language used by the Deaf community in Russia, with what is possibly additional presence in Belarus and Tajikistan.[citation needed] It belongs to the French Sign Language family.
RSL is a natural language with a grammar that differs from spoken or written Russian language. Signed Russian is an artificial form of communication used in schools and differs from RSL in strictly following Russian grammar.
Although RSL is legally recognized in Russia, it does not enjoy state support and there is a lack of skilled RSL interpreters in the country.
In 1806, the first Russian deaf school was founded near St. Petersburg. It is believed that RSL belongs to the French sign language family due to the fact that the first two sign language teachers were from France and Austria. Beyond a speaker base in Israel, researchers do not know for sure if RSL is used outside of Russia; it may also be used in Ukraine, Belarus or Tajikistan.
Much of the early research on RSL was done by Galina Zaitseva, who wrote her 1969 PhD thesis on spatial relationships in Russian Sign Language, and in 1992 devised the now standard term for Russian Sign Language "Russkii Zhestovyi Yazyk" (Russian: Русский Жестовый Язык).
Most deaf people in Russia are born to hearing families and therefore are not provided the opportunity to acquire a native-like command of RSL. Bilingualism between RSL and written or spoken Russian is very common.
Signed Russian differs from RSL in that it is an artificial form of communication which closely follows Russian word order and adds Russian grammatical features not found in RSL. Sign Russian has a higher social status than RSL because of its association with literacy and higher education. This higher status is due to educational policies, such the near-exclusive use of Signed Russian at deaf schools by teachers. Many Deaf RSL users see their language as a jargon without grammar. These social factors have caused RSL to be significantly influenced by Russian in its vocabulary and some syntactic structures as well.
There appears to be a relatively significant amount of regional variation in RSL comparable to regional variants of Polish Sign Language or Estonian Sign Language. One study reported lexical similarity between two Russian signers at around 70–80%.
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Russian Sign Language
Russian Sign Language (RSL) is the sign language used by the Deaf community in Russia, with what is possibly additional presence in Belarus and Tajikistan.[citation needed] It belongs to the French Sign Language family.
RSL is a natural language with a grammar that differs from spoken or written Russian language. Signed Russian is an artificial form of communication used in schools and differs from RSL in strictly following Russian grammar.
Although RSL is legally recognized in Russia, it does not enjoy state support and there is a lack of skilled RSL interpreters in the country.
In 1806, the first Russian deaf school was founded near St. Petersburg. It is believed that RSL belongs to the French sign language family due to the fact that the first two sign language teachers were from France and Austria. Beyond a speaker base in Israel, researchers do not know for sure if RSL is used outside of Russia; it may also be used in Ukraine, Belarus or Tajikistan.
Much of the early research on RSL was done by Galina Zaitseva, who wrote her 1969 PhD thesis on spatial relationships in Russian Sign Language, and in 1992 devised the now standard term for Russian Sign Language "Russkii Zhestovyi Yazyk" (Russian: Русский Жестовый Язык).
Most deaf people in Russia are born to hearing families and therefore are not provided the opportunity to acquire a native-like command of RSL. Bilingualism between RSL and written or spoken Russian is very common.
Signed Russian differs from RSL in that it is an artificial form of communication which closely follows Russian word order and adds Russian grammatical features not found in RSL. Sign Russian has a higher social status than RSL because of its association with literacy and higher education. This higher status is due to educational policies, such the near-exclusive use of Signed Russian at deaf schools by teachers. Many Deaf RSL users see their language as a jargon without grammar. These social factors have caused RSL to be significantly influenced by Russian in its vocabulary and some syntactic structures as well.
There appears to be a relatively significant amount of regional variation in RSL comparable to regional variants of Polish Sign Language or Estonian Sign Language. One study reported lexical similarity between two Russian signers at around 70–80%.