Sadma
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| Sadma | |
|---|---|
Poster | |
| Directed by | Balu Mahendra |
| Screenplay by | Balu Mahendra Gulzar (dialogue) |
| Story by | Balu Mahendra |
| Based on | Moondram Pirai by Balu Mahendra |
| Produced by | Raj N. Sippy Romu N. Sippy |
| Starring | Sridevi Kamal Haasan |
| Cinematography | Balu Mahendra |
| Edited by | D. Vasu |
| Music by | Ilaiyaraaja |
Release date |
|
Running time | 141 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
Sadma (transl. Trauma) is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film, written and directed by Balu Mahendra. The film stars Sridevi as Nehalata Malhotra, a young woman who regresses to childhood as a result of retrograde amnesia after suffering a head injury in a car crash. She was lost and ended up trapped in a brothel before being rescued by Somu (played by Kamal Haasan), a lonely school teacher who falls in love with her.
Released on 8 July 1983, the film was a remake of Mahendra's 1982 Tamil film Moondram Pirai, which also starred Sridevi and Haasan. Although a commercial failure upon release, Sadma was widely acclaimed by critics for its direction, screenplay, music, and performances. Sridevi's performance as an amnesiac woman was widely praised. Sadma over the years has gained cult status.[1] At the 31st Filmfare Awards, Sadma received three nominations: Best Actor (Kamal Haasan) Best Actress (Sridevi) and Best Story (Mahendra).
Plot
[edit]Nehalata, a young woman, has a car accident while returning from a party and is hospitalized with severe head injuries. When she recovers, she is diagnosed with retrograde amnesia. Having mentally regressed to the state of her 6-year-old self, she fails to recognize her elderly parents. While she is undergoing treatment, she is kidnapped and sold to the madam of a brothel. Somprakash, also known as Somu, visits the brothel with his old friend to relax. The madam sends Nehalata, renamed Reshmi, to his room. Somu realises that she is mentally a child and pities her upon learning how she came to the brothel. He questions her about her family and background, but due to her condition, she is unable to reveal enough information for him to locate her parents.
Somu rescues Reshmi from the brothel, under the pretense of a pleasure trip. He takes her to his home in Ooty, where he works as a school teacher. His elderly neighbour, whom he refers to as Grandmother, helps him care for Reshmi. Although Somu is aware of Reshmi's physical beauty, their relationship is strictly that of a child and protective caregiver, and she becomes trusting of him. Their bond is briefly threatened when Reshmi accidentally spills ink over Somu's documents, angering him, but they reconcile. Later, a local woodcutter named Balua lusts for Reshmi and nearly assaults her, but she manages to save herself. When Somu learns of it, he becomes livid with rage and almost kills Balua. In a side plot, Soni, the lonely younger wife of Somu's middle-aged headmaster, repeatedly attempts and fails to seduce Somu, who does not reciprocate her feelings.
Reshmi's father, who was searching for her through the police, releases a newspaper advertisement about her. He is given a lead by a co-passenger of the train that Somu and Reshmi had taken to Ooty. Meanwhile, Somu takes Reshmi to a medicine man and leaves her with him for a day's treatment. The police arrive at Somu's house searching for Reshmi, eventually tracing her to the medicine man's home. Somu, fearing police action, does not follow them there. The treatment is successful, with Reshmi (now Nehalata again) regaining her memory, recognizing her parents, and completely forgetting the period between her accident and recovery. She and her parents rejoice and prepare to leave Ooty. The medicine man informs her father that the man who had brought her to him had been taking good care of his daughter; her father withdraws his police complaint, and the family begins their journey home.
After the police leave, Somu chases the car in which Nehalata is traveling, falling and severely injuring himself in the process. Covered in mud, he limps after them to the railway station and tries to get Reshmi's attention at her train seat window, but she does not remember him. Somu repeatedly calls out to her and mimics a dancing monkey that she had developed a liking for, but Nehalata, unable to comprehend, thinks he is insane and begging for food. He continues his futile attempts, but the train eventually leaves with Nehalata not recognising him. Somu is left alone at the station, heartbroken.
Cast
[edit]- Kamal Haasan as Somprakash "Somu"
- Sridevi as Nehalata Malhotra / Reshmi
- Gulshan Grover as Balua
- Silk Smitha as Soni
- Paintal as Paintal
- Arvind Deshpande as J.K. Malhotra
- Ashalata Wabgaonkar as Rajeshwari Malhotra
- Shreeram Lagoo as Dr. Khandeparkar
- Viju Khote as Inspector David
- Birbal as Shyamu
- Leela Mishra as Somu's Neighbour
- Padma Chavan as Brothel Madam
Soundtrack
[edit]| Sadma | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soundtrack album by | |||||
| Released | 1983 | ||||
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack | ||||
| Length | 28:58 | ||||
| Language | Hindi | ||||
| Label | Sony Music | ||||
| |||||
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, in his Bollywood debut, and the lyrics were penned by Gulzar. Ilaiyaraaja retained two of his compositions from the original Tamil version. The song "Vaanengum Thanga Vinmeengal" was tuned differently for the Hindi version as "Yeh Hawa Yeh Fiza". The song "Narikkathai" was replaced with the song "Ek Dafa Ek Jungle Tha" in the Hindi version. The song "Poongatru Puthithanathu" was replaced with a slightly different "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le", which itself was also used in the 1984 Tamil movie Thambikku Entha Ooru sung by SPB. "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le" was first remade for the film Prague (2013) by Atif Afzal. It was again remade for the film Dear Zindagi (2016) by Amit Trivedi. Music director A. R. Rahman worked as a keyboard player for this film.[2]
| Song | Singer |
|---|---|
| "O Babua, Yeh Mahua" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Yeh Hawa, Yey Fiza Deewanon Ke Maikhane Hain" | Asha Bhosle, Suresh Wadkar |
| "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le" | Suresh Wadkar |
| "Surmayee Ankhiyon Mein" – 1 | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Surmayee Ankhiyon Mein" – 2 | |
| "Ek Dafa Ek Jangal Tha, Us Jangal Mein Ek Gidad Tha" | Kamal Haasan, Sridevi |
Release
[edit]Sadma was released on 8 July 1983. In 2015, Sadma was screened at the Habitat Film Festival.[3]
Critical reception
[edit]Sadma received widespread critical acclaim, with major appreciation drawn towards Sridevi's performance. It is included in iDiva's list of '10 Must Watch Movies That Weren't Blockbusters'.[4] Sridevi's performance as a child-woman suffering from amnesia was called by Subhash K. Jha of The Indian Express, "a milestone in her illustrious career".[5] In 2012, when Barfi! was being promoted, Anurag Basu said "People might feel so because the last film that featured the actress in a mentally challenged role was of Sadma. But the comparisons are only on the basis of the promo...once you see the film upon its release everything would be clear.".[6] That same year, Adil Hussain, Sridevi's co-star in English Vinglish revealed that he became a fan of the actress after watching her in Sadma.[7] The Sridevi-Kamal Haasan pair also appeared on the CNN-IBN list of 'Greatest Romantic Couples on Celluloid'.[8] The climax of Sadma is included in the CNN-IBN list of 'Bollywood's 50 Most Memorable Scenes of All Time'.[9]
Awards and nominations
[edit]- Nominated
References
[edit]- ^ Biswas, Soutik (15 July 1993). "A creative flowering". India Today. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
- ^ "Gulzar on his first meeting with A.R. Rahman |". Tanqeed. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
- ^ "The 10th Habitat Film Festival 2015" (PDF). Habitat Film Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ idiva.com. "10 Must Watch Movies That Weren't Blockbusters". Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ Jha, Subhash K. (15 June 2012). "The Forbidden Love". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "No similarity between Sridevi in 'Sadma' and Priyanka Chopra in 'Barfi'". DNA India. 1 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Adil Hussain: I became Sridevi's fan after watching SADMA". Bollywoodtrade.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "100 Years of Indian Cinema: The greatest romantic couples on celluloid". CNN-IBN. Archived from the original on 20 February 2013.
- ^ "100 Years of Indian Cinema: Bollywood's 50 most memorable scenes of all time". CNN-IBN. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013.
External links
[edit]- Sadma at IMDb
- Sadma at Rotten Tomatoes
Sadma
View on GrokipediaBackground and production
Development
Sadma originated as a Hindi remake of director Balu Mahendra's own 1982 Tamil film Moondram Pirai, some sources suggest it drew inspiration from the tragic suicide of Mahendra's wife, actress Shoba, in 1980, though this has been denied by the producer, serving as a personal coping mechanism through storytelling.[6] Mahendra decided to adapt the film for Hindi cinema to expand its reach to a broader national audience and mark his entry into Bollywood, retaining the core narrative while making minor alterations to suit Hindi-speaking viewers, such as replacing key songs like the original's "Poongatru Puthithanathu" with a new composition "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le."[7][6] The screenplay was penned by Mahendra himself, building directly on the Tamil original's structure, with poet and lyricist Gulzar contributing the Hindi dialogues to infuse poetic nuance and cultural resonance for northern Indian sensibilities.[8] This collaborative scripting process emphasized emotional depth and subtle adaptations, avoiding overt changes to the story's essence while enhancing linguistic accessibility. Kamal Haasan and Sridevi, who had previously collaborated in Moondram Pirai, reprised their roles, leveraging their established chemistry.[7] Pre-production began in late 1982, shortly after Moondram Pirai's release earlier that year, allowing Mahendra to refine the adaptation swiftly for a 1983 rollout.[7] The film was produced by Raj N. Sippy and Romu N. Sippy under their banner, providing the necessary financing to support Mahendra's vision of a sensitive, low-key drama amid the era's action-oriented trends.[8]Casting
Kamal Haasan was retained as the male lead in Sadma to reprise his role as the schoolteacher Somu from the Tamil original Moondram Pirai, owing to his critically acclaimed performance that showcased his ability to portray nuanced emotional depth in psychological narratives.[9] Director Balu Mahendra, who helmed both films, valued Haasan's versatility in handling sensitive, character-driven roles, making him ideal for the story's exploration of compassion and quiet heroism.[10] Sridevi was cast as the female lead Nehalata/Reshmi, reprising her dual portrayal of an adult woman regressed to a child-like state, a performance that had earned her widespread praise in Moondram Pirai for its expressive range and emotional authenticity.[6] Although Sripriya was Mahendra's initial preference for the role in the Hindi remake, followed by Dimple Kapadia—who declined due to scheduling overlaps with Saagar (1985)—Sridevi's prior success and proven suitability for the demanding psychological duality secured her position.[11] Her casting aligned with the film's need for an actress capable of conveying innocence and vulnerability without overt dramatics. For the antagonist Balua, Gulshan Grover was selected after a recommendation from Anil Kapoor, who had praised Grover's intensity during a rehearsal stint for another project; this led Mahendra to replace the originally signed actor, highlighting Grover's emerging reputation for menacing yet layered villainy suited to the drama's tense undercurrents.[12] Silk Smitha was brought in for a special appearance as the cabaret dancer Soni, a late addition to inject commercial appeal through an erotic dance sequence not present in the original script; despite her lack of formal dance training, Mahendra chose her for her mimicry talents and screen presence, with choreography adapted by Sundaram Master to accommodate her strengths.[13] The casting process faced hurdles from the leads' packed schedules in 1982–1983, as both Haasan and Sridevi juggled multiple South Indian and Hindi projects, though their commitment to the remake ensured timely completion.[11]Filming
Principal photography for Sadma commenced in 1982 and was primarily conducted in Ooty and Ketti, Tamil Nadu, to evoke the film's rural and intimate atmosphere, with additional scenes filmed in Bangalore.[14][15] Balu Mahendra, who directed the film and served as cinematographer, utilized natural lighting to enhance realism and emotional authenticity, a technique that distinguished his visual storytelling from the era's conventional studio setups.[7][15] His approach included close-ups and tight framing to capture subtle facial expressions, particularly emphasizing the psychological nuances in scenes depicting the protagonist's child-like regression.[16][7] The production encountered skepticism and ridicule from industry peers due to its unconventional narrative and restrained style, mirroring challenges faced during the Tamil original Moondram Pirai.[17] Sridevi and Kamal Haasan drew on their prior experience from Moondram Pirai to deliver nuanced performances, requiring intensive preparation for the demanding emotional sequences.[7] In post-production, editor D. Vasu focused on maintaining the film's deliberate pacing to heighten dramatic tension.[8]Plot
Nehalata Malhotra, a young woman from Madras, suffers a severe head injury in a car accident, resulting in retrograde amnesia that causes her to regress mentally to the state of a six-year-old child. Upon waking in the hospital, she fails to recognize her worried parents and wanders away unattended. She is soon kidnapped by a pimp and sold to a brothel in Hyderabad, where the madam renames her Reshmi and attempts to train her for the trade, though her childlike innocence makes her unsuitable. Meanwhile, Somprakash "Somu" Sinha, a kind-hearted and lonely schoolteacher from Ooty, visits the brothel with his friend on a whim. Witnessing Reshmi's vulnerability and distress, Somu takes pity on her and pays to rescue her, bringing her back to his modest home to care for her as if she were a child. Under Somu's nurturing, Reshmi gradually regains some confidence and joy, forming a deep emotional bond with him. Their relationship faces challenges, including an incident where Reshmi accidentally spills ink on Somu's important documents, leading to temporary tension, and a frightening encounter with a woodcutter named Balwant who attempts to assault her, prompting Somu to protect her fiercely. Reshmi's desperate family places newspaper advertisements seeking information about her whereabouts, which Somu also sees and responds to by contacting the police. Eventually, her father locates them. A local medicine man administers herbal treatment that restores Nehalata's memory and adult persona, but as a side effect, she completely forgets her time spent with Somu and her experiences as Reshmi. Reunited with her family, Nehalata returns to her previous life. Heartbroken, Somu follows her to the railway station to bid farewell. However, the now-recovered Nehalata does not recognize him at all. As the train departs, Somu chases after it in anguish, injuring himself, and collapses in despair, left alone with his memories.[18]Cast
- Kamal Haasan as Somprakash 'Somu'[19]
- Sridevi as Nehalata 'Reshmi' Malhotra[19]
- Gulshan Grover as Balua[19]
- Silk Smitha as Soni[19]
- Kanwarjeet Paintal as Paintal[19]
- Arvind Deshpande as Doctor[19]
- Viju Khote as Police Inspector[19]
- Birbal as Hotel Manager[19]
- Sushma Seth as Mrs. Malhotra[19]
- Shreeram Lagoo as Doctor[19]
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, marking his debut in Hindi cinema, with lyrics penned by Gulzar.[20] It consists of six songs.[21]| No. | Title | Singer(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Ae Zindagi Gale Laga Le" | Suresh Wadkar |
| 2 | "O Babua Yeh Mahua" | Asha Bhosle |
| 3 | "Surmayee Ankhiyon Mein (Happy)" | K. J. Yesudas |
| 4 | "Ek Dafa Ek Jungle Tha" | Kamal Haasan, Sridevi |
| 5 | "Surmayee Ankhiyon Mein (Sad)" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| 6 | "Yeh Hawa Yeh Fiza Deewanon Ke Maikhane Hain" | Asha Bhosle, Suresh Wadkar |