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Sambisa Forest
The Sambisa Forest is a forest in Borno State, northeast Nigeria. It is in the southwestern part of Chad Basin National Park, about 60 km southeast of Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State. It has an area of 518 km2.
The Sambisa forest is located at the northeastern tip of the west Sudanian Savanna and the southern boundary of the Sahel Savannah about 60 km southeast of Maiduguri, the capital of the state of Borno. It occupies parts of the states of Borno, Adamawa, Yobe, Gombe, Bauchi along the corridor Darazo, Jigawa, and some parts of Kano state farther north. It is administered by the Local government areas of Nigeria of Askira/Uba in the south, by Damboa in the southwest, and by Konduga and Jere in the west.
The name of the forest comes from the village of Sambisa, which is on the border with Gwoza in the east. The Gwoza]hills in the east have peaks of 1,300 meters above sea level and form part of the Mandara Mountains range along the Cameroon-Nigeria border. The forest is drained by seasonal streams into the Yedseram and the Ngadda Rivers.
The climate is hot and semi-arid, with minimum temperatures of about 21.5 °C between December and February, a maximum of about 48 °C in May and average temperatures of about 28–29 °C. The dry season is from November to May, and the wet season is between May and September/October, with annual rainfall of about 190 mm.
The Sambisa forest is one of the few forests in northeastern Nigeria where sparse vegetation is the norm. Most of the vegetation is typical of the Sudanian Savanna, although, because of human activity, some parts have become more like the Sahel savanna. The forest consists of a mixture of open woodland and sections of very dense vegetation of short trees about two metres high and thorny bushes, with a height of 1/2-1 metres, which are difficult to penetrate. Major trees and bushes in the forest include tallow, rubber, wild black plum, birch, date palm, mesquite, acacia, monkey bread, red bushwillow, baobab, jackalberry, tamarind and terminalia.
BirdLife International reported that 62 species of birds have been recorded in the Sambisa Game Reserve, including the guinea fowl, francolin, village weaver, Abyssinian ground hornbill, Arabian bustard, Savile's bustard, African collared-dove, chestnut-bellied starling, black scrub-robin and Sudan golden sparrow. The forest was also thought to be the last remaining site of the ostrich in Nigeria.
Seventeen species of mammals were reported in 2010 in the Sambisa Game Reserve, including the baboon, patas monkey, tantalus monkey, Grimm's duiker, red-fronted gazelle, African bush elephant, roan antelope, hartebeest, African leopard and spotted hyenas. However, poaching, chopping downing trees for fuel, human agricultural penetration and the Boko Haram jihadist group's activities since 2013 have reduced their numbers. An aerial survey of the game reserve in 2006 reported seeing only five large wild animal species.
During the colonial period, the Sambisa Game Reserve covered an area of 2,258 km2 (872 mi2) in the eastern part of the forest. Later reports put the size of the game reserve at 518 square kilometers, although some official documents included the Marguba Forest Reserve in the Sambisa Game Reserve.
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Sambisa Forest
The Sambisa Forest is a forest in Borno State, northeast Nigeria. It is in the southwestern part of Chad Basin National Park, about 60 km southeast of Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State. It has an area of 518 km2.
The Sambisa forest is located at the northeastern tip of the west Sudanian Savanna and the southern boundary of the Sahel Savannah about 60 km southeast of Maiduguri, the capital of the state of Borno. It occupies parts of the states of Borno, Adamawa, Yobe, Gombe, Bauchi along the corridor Darazo, Jigawa, and some parts of Kano state farther north. It is administered by the Local government areas of Nigeria of Askira/Uba in the south, by Damboa in the southwest, and by Konduga and Jere in the west.
The name of the forest comes from the village of Sambisa, which is on the border with Gwoza in the east. The Gwoza]hills in the east have peaks of 1,300 meters above sea level and form part of the Mandara Mountains range along the Cameroon-Nigeria border. The forest is drained by seasonal streams into the Yedseram and the Ngadda Rivers.
The climate is hot and semi-arid, with minimum temperatures of about 21.5 °C between December and February, a maximum of about 48 °C in May and average temperatures of about 28–29 °C. The dry season is from November to May, and the wet season is between May and September/October, with annual rainfall of about 190 mm.
The Sambisa forest is one of the few forests in northeastern Nigeria where sparse vegetation is the norm. Most of the vegetation is typical of the Sudanian Savanna, although, because of human activity, some parts have become more like the Sahel savanna. The forest consists of a mixture of open woodland and sections of very dense vegetation of short trees about two metres high and thorny bushes, with a height of 1/2-1 metres, which are difficult to penetrate. Major trees and bushes in the forest include tallow, rubber, wild black plum, birch, date palm, mesquite, acacia, monkey bread, red bushwillow, baobab, jackalberry, tamarind and terminalia.
BirdLife International reported that 62 species of birds have been recorded in the Sambisa Game Reserve, including the guinea fowl, francolin, village weaver, Abyssinian ground hornbill, Arabian bustard, Savile's bustard, African collared-dove, chestnut-bellied starling, black scrub-robin and Sudan golden sparrow. The forest was also thought to be the last remaining site of the ostrich in Nigeria.
Seventeen species of mammals were reported in 2010 in the Sambisa Game Reserve, including the baboon, patas monkey, tantalus monkey, Grimm's duiker, red-fronted gazelle, African bush elephant, roan antelope, hartebeest, African leopard and spotted hyenas. However, poaching, chopping downing trees for fuel, human agricultural penetration and the Boko Haram jihadist group's activities since 2013 have reduced their numbers. An aerial survey of the game reserve in 2006 reported seeing only five large wild animal species.
During the colonial period, the Sambisa Game Reserve covered an area of 2,258 km2 (872 mi2) in the eastern part of the forest. Later reports put the size of the game reserve at 518 square kilometers, although some official documents included the Marguba Forest Reserve in the Sambisa Game Reserve.