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Samuel Hearne
Samuel Hearne (February 1745 – November 1792) was an English explorer, fur-trader, writer and naturalist.
He was the first European to make an overland excursion across northern Canada to the Arctic Ocean, specifically to Coronation Gulf, via the Coppermine River. In 1774, Hearne built Cumberland House for the Hudson's Bay Company, its second interior trading post after Henley House and the first permanent settlement in present Saskatchewan.
Samuel Hearne was born in February 1745 in London. Hearne's father was Secretary of the Waterworks of London Bridge, died in 1748. His mother's name was Diana, and his sister Sarah was three years younger than him. They moved to Netherbury in Dorset and Samuel was educated in Beaminster. Samuel Hearne joined the British Royal Navy in 1756 at the age of 11 as midshipman under the fighting captain Samuel Hood. He remained with Hood during the Seven Years' War, seeing considerable action during the conflict, including the bombardment of Le Havre in 1759. At the end of the war, having served in the English Channel and then the Mediterranean, he left the Navy in 1763.
In February 1766, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company as a mate on the sloop Churchill, which was then engaged in the Inuit trade out of Prince of Wales Fort, near present-day Churchill, Manitoba. Two years later, he became mate on the Brigantine Charlotte and participated in the company's short-lived black whale fishery. In 1767, he found the shipwrecked remains of James Knight's 1719 expedition on Marble Island. In 1768, he examined portions of the Hudson Bay coasts with a view to improving the cod fishery. During this time, he gained a reputation for snowshoeing.
Hearne was able to improve his navigational skills by observing William Wales who was at Hudson Bay during 1768–1769 after being commissioned by the Royal Society to observe the Transit of Venus with Joseph Dymond.
The English on Hudson Bay had long known that the First Nations to the northwest used native copper, as indicated by such words as Yellowknife. When, in 1768, a northern First Nation (some say it was Matonabbee) brought lumps of copper to Churchill, the governor, Moses Norton, decided to send Hearne in search of a possible copper mine.
The basic theme of Hearne's three journeys is the Englishmen's ignorance of the methods of travel through this very difficult country and their dependence on First Nations who knew the land and how to live off of it.[citation needed]
Since there was no canoe route to the northwest, the plan was to go on foot over the frozen winter ground. Without canoes, they would have to carry as much food as possible and then live off the land.
Samuel Hearne
Samuel Hearne (February 1745 – November 1792) was an English explorer, fur-trader, writer and naturalist.
He was the first European to make an overland excursion across northern Canada to the Arctic Ocean, specifically to Coronation Gulf, via the Coppermine River. In 1774, Hearne built Cumberland House for the Hudson's Bay Company, its second interior trading post after Henley House and the first permanent settlement in present Saskatchewan.
Samuel Hearne was born in February 1745 in London. Hearne's father was Secretary of the Waterworks of London Bridge, died in 1748. His mother's name was Diana, and his sister Sarah was three years younger than him. They moved to Netherbury in Dorset and Samuel was educated in Beaminster. Samuel Hearne joined the British Royal Navy in 1756 at the age of 11 as midshipman under the fighting captain Samuel Hood. He remained with Hood during the Seven Years' War, seeing considerable action during the conflict, including the bombardment of Le Havre in 1759. At the end of the war, having served in the English Channel and then the Mediterranean, he left the Navy in 1763.
In February 1766, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company as a mate on the sloop Churchill, which was then engaged in the Inuit trade out of Prince of Wales Fort, near present-day Churchill, Manitoba. Two years later, he became mate on the Brigantine Charlotte and participated in the company's short-lived black whale fishery. In 1767, he found the shipwrecked remains of James Knight's 1719 expedition on Marble Island. In 1768, he examined portions of the Hudson Bay coasts with a view to improving the cod fishery. During this time, he gained a reputation for snowshoeing.
Hearne was able to improve his navigational skills by observing William Wales who was at Hudson Bay during 1768–1769 after being commissioned by the Royal Society to observe the Transit of Venus with Joseph Dymond.
The English on Hudson Bay had long known that the First Nations to the northwest used native copper, as indicated by such words as Yellowknife. When, in 1768, a northern First Nation (some say it was Matonabbee) brought lumps of copper to Churchill, the governor, Moses Norton, decided to send Hearne in search of a possible copper mine.
The basic theme of Hearne's three journeys is the Englishmen's ignorance of the methods of travel through this very difficult country and their dependence on First Nations who knew the land and how to live off of it.[citation needed]
Since there was no canoe route to the northwest, the plan was to go on foot over the frozen winter ground. Without canoes, they would have to carry as much food as possible and then live off the land.
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