_-_National_Museum_of_Iran_-_Inv._number_11350.jpg/2000px-Neolithic_ceramic_bowl_-_6200-5300_BC_-_Tappeh_Sang-e_Chakhmaq_-_(Shahrud_County_-_Semnan_province)_-_National_Museum_of_Iran_-_Inv._number_11350.jpg)
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Sang-i Chakmak
Sang-i Chakmak (Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq, Sange Chaxmaq, Chakhmagh) is a Neolithic archaeological site located about 1 km (0.62 mi) north of the village of Bastam in the northern Semnan province of Iran, on the southeastern flank of the Alborz mountains. The site represents quite well the transition from the aceramic Neolithic phase in the general area; this was taking place during the 7th millennium BC.
The site was discovered in 1969 by Seiichi Masuda. It includes several settlement mounds, of which two were excavated in 1971–1977 by a team from the Tokyo University of Education (now the University of Tsukuba)
Another related site is Deh Kheyr, located only 4 km (2.5 mi) from Sang-i Chakmak.
The western settlement is an approximately 3 m high mound with a diameter of about 80 m, and contains five cultural layers.
Levels 2-5 represent the aceramic Neolithic phase. There's also some imported obsidian. There are many zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines.
Large mud-brick houses with plastered floors were built. Some of them are made of lime plaster. The buildings were rectangular and consisted of rooms with dimensions of 6x4 m. Two different types of buildings are found. Some had a square hearth on the north side and partly blackened walls; others had no hearth and the rooms were comparatively small, but with carefully designed floors. In one of these small rooms without hearth in layer II some highly stylized clay figurines were found.
In addition, the excavations found small bone fibulae and bone needles, flint cuttings, microliths and cores and blades of obsidian. It is noteworthy that only three pottery shards were found. Two come from the surface and one from layer III, of which 300 m2 are excavated. In the work of Akira Tsuneki, only four shards are shown.
The eastern settlement is located about 150 m from the west and has an extension of 100 m in the north–south direction and 150 m in east–west direction. Layers VI-III contained multi-dimensional rectangular dwellings with outbuildings, often with a small work area and an oven. The buildings have different sizes, have an average size of 5 x 8 meters and have an entrance hall or courtyard. They are made of clay blocks of 70 by 20 cm, in the same technique as the Jeitun culture in Turkmenistan.
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Sang-i Chakmak
Sang-i Chakmak (Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq, Sange Chaxmaq, Chakhmagh) is a Neolithic archaeological site located about 1 km (0.62 mi) north of the village of Bastam in the northern Semnan province of Iran, on the southeastern flank of the Alborz mountains. The site represents quite well the transition from the aceramic Neolithic phase in the general area; this was taking place during the 7th millennium BC.
The site was discovered in 1969 by Seiichi Masuda. It includes several settlement mounds, of which two were excavated in 1971–1977 by a team from the Tokyo University of Education (now the University of Tsukuba)
Another related site is Deh Kheyr, located only 4 km (2.5 mi) from Sang-i Chakmak.
The western settlement is an approximately 3 m high mound with a diameter of about 80 m, and contains five cultural layers.
Levels 2-5 represent the aceramic Neolithic phase. There's also some imported obsidian. There are many zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines.
Large mud-brick houses with plastered floors were built. Some of them are made of lime plaster. The buildings were rectangular and consisted of rooms with dimensions of 6x4 m. Two different types of buildings are found. Some had a square hearth on the north side and partly blackened walls; others had no hearth and the rooms were comparatively small, but with carefully designed floors. In one of these small rooms without hearth in layer II some highly stylized clay figurines were found.
In addition, the excavations found small bone fibulae and bone needles, flint cuttings, microliths and cores and blades of obsidian. It is noteworthy that only three pottery shards were found. Two come from the surface and one from layer III, of which 300 m2 are excavated. In the work of Akira Tsuneki, only four shards are shown.
The eastern settlement is located about 150 m from the west and has an extension of 100 m in the north–south direction and 150 m in east–west direction. Layers VI-III contained multi-dimensional rectangular dwellings with outbuildings, often with a small work area and an oven. The buildings have different sizes, have an average size of 5 x 8 meters and have an entrance hall or courtyard. They are made of clay blocks of 70 by 20 cm, in the same technique as the Jeitun culture in Turkmenistan.