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Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicised as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938) was a Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society in cities and villages. However, his keen powers of observation, great sympathy for fellow human beings, a deep understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of women and children"), an easy and natural writing style, and freedom from political biases and social prejudices enable his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians. He remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author of all time.
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876, in a Bengali Brahmin family in Debanandapur, a small village in Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata. He was his father Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's eldest son and second child.
Debanandapur was the hometown of Baikuntha Chattopadhyay, the grandfather of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. Sarat Chandra's grandmother relocated back to Debanandapur with Matilal after Baikuntha was murdered by his zamindar. Motilal was given a piece of land by his mother's brothers. Some time later, he married Bhubanmohini, the daughter of Kedarnath Gangopadhyay, who took him to his ancestral house in Bhagalpur, Bihar. Matilal passed his education from Bhagalpur, attending classes with the two sons of Kedarnath. During and after this time he was offered many jobs and hobbies by Kedarnath's brothers, which he was unsuccessful to continue with any. Motilal was not able to continue with any of the career options he picked (writing books, drawing).
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay starting working from an early age, his father not having any source of income. His education was not properly completed because of the lack of money. Chattopadhyay took an interest in literature from Motilal. Much of Chattopadhyay's early life is disputed. According to Narasingha Prosad Sil, Chattopadhyay was taken to Bhagalpur from Debanandapur when he was two or three years old. He enrolled there in school and stayed till fifth or sixth year. Chattopadhyay came back to Debanandapur, where he studied in a pathashala for two years. In the rural areas, he often went fishing or rafting in water bodies and exploring places.
In 1886, Chattopadhyay went to travel in Dehri-on-Sone. After this travel, Matilal sent him to Durgacharan Middle English School in Bhagalpur for a getting a scholarship. For meeting the eligibility, he took tutoring lessons from his classmate Manindranath's tutor. They passed their exams and got scholarship. The next year, Chattopadhyay enrolled in the Bhagalpur District School where he studied till 1889, and dropped out at fifth grade, getting a double class promotion before.
In 1889, Matilal lost his job. Chattopadhyay and his whole family shifted into Debanandapur, where he enrolled into the Hooghly District School. His father arranged a room for Sarat Chandra to stay, at the house of landlord Bholanath Mukhopadhyay. He stayed in the residence for a few years and returned to Debanandapur. Matilal was unable to further pay for Chattopadhyay's education. They traveled to Bhagalpur in 1893 and Chattopadhyay got enrolled in Tejnarayan Jubilee Collegiate School. Panchkadi Mukhopadhyay, a teacher in the school helped Chattopadhyay to complete his homework. Kedarnath died in 1892. His death caused turmoil in the family. His son Thakurdas Gangopadhyay spent money on lawyers for a financial lawsuit. To pay for Chattopadhyay's education, Kedarnath's son Bipradas borrowed money. Chattopadhyay completed his entrance exams in 1893. He Sarat Chandra being unable to pay for college education was approached by the mother of his classmate's tutor, Kusumkamini, who offered to pay Chattopadhyay's college fees for tutoring her two sons. During his college years, Chattopadhyay began writing books; he took his inspiration from the novels of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and from his enduring interest in narrating stories and the theaters.
In 1895, Chattopadhyay's mother Bhubanmohini died. Matilal sold his paternal house on November 9, 1896 to Kedarnath's brother Aghornath for ₹255. After November 1896, Matilal rented a house owned by Chandrashekhar Sarkar, in the slums of Bhagalpur callad Khanjarpalli, distancing himself from the Gangopadhyay house. Chattopadhyay studied in college using borrowed books from his classmate he met in primary school. Chattopadhyay did not have enough money (₹20) to pay for the final college exams, after studying there for two years, ending his formal education. In August 1919, he sent a letter documenting his education conditions to Lilarani Gangopadhyay.
Sarat Chandra wrote in the English translation of his monumental book Srikanta:
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Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicised as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee; 15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938) was a Bengali novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society in cities and villages. However, his keen powers of observation, great sympathy for fellow human beings, a deep understanding of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of women and children"), an easy and natural writing style, and freedom from political biases and social prejudices enable his writing to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians. He remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author of all time.
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876, in a Bengali Brahmin family in Debanandapur, a small village in Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata. He was his father Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's eldest son and second child.
Debanandapur was the hometown of Baikuntha Chattopadhyay, the grandfather of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. Sarat Chandra's grandmother relocated back to Debanandapur with Matilal after Baikuntha was murdered by his zamindar. Motilal was given a piece of land by his mother's brothers. Some time later, he married Bhubanmohini, the daughter of Kedarnath Gangopadhyay, who took him to his ancestral house in Bhagalpur, Bihar. Matilal passed his education from Bhagalpur, attending classes with the two sons of Kedarnath. During and after this time he was offered many jobs and hobbies by Kedarnath's brothers, which he was unsuccessful to continue with any. Motilal was not able to continue with any of the career options he picked (writing books, drawing).
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay starting working from an early age, his father not having any source of income. His education was not properly completed because of the lack of money. Chattopadhyay took an interest in literature from Motilal. Much of Chattopadhyay's early life is disputed. According to Narasingha Prosad Sil, Chattopadhyay was taken to Bhagalpur from Debanandapur when he was two or three years old. He enrolled there in school and stayed till fifth or sixth year. Chattopadhyay came back to Debanandapur, where he studied in a pathashala for two years. In the rural areas, he often went fishing or rafting in water bodies and exploring places.
In 1886, Chattopadhyay went to travel in Dehri-on-Sone. After this travel, Matilal sent him to Durgacharan Middle English School in Bhagalpur for a getting a scholarship. For meeting the eligibility, he took tutoring lessons from his classmate Manindranath's tutor. They passed their exams and got scholarship. The next year, Chattopadhyay enrolled in the Bhagalpur District School where he studied till 1889, and dropped out at fifth grade, getting a double class promotion before.
In 1889, Matilal lost his job. Chattopadhyay and his whole family shifted into Debanandapur, where he enrolled into the Hooghly District School. His father arranged a room for Sarat Chandra to stay, at the house of landlord Bholanath Mukhopadhyay. He stayed in the residence for a few years and returned to Debanandapur. Matilal was unable to further pay for Chattopadhyay's education. They traveled to Bhagalpur in 1893 and Chattopadhyay got enrolled in Tejnarayan Jubilee Collegiate School. Panchkadi Mukhopadhyay, a teacher in the school helped Chattopadhyay to complete his homework. Kedarnath died in 1892. His death caused turmoil in the family. His son Thakurdas Gangopadhyay spent money on lawyers for a financial lawsuit. To pay for Chattopadhyay's education, Kedarnath's son Bipradas borrowed money. Chattopadhyay completed his entrance exams in 1893. He Sarat Chandra being unable to pay for college education was approached by the mother of his classmate's tutor, Kusumkamini, who offered to pay Chattopadhyay's college fees for tutoring her two sons. During his college years, Chattopadhyay began writing books; he took his inspiration from the novels of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and from his enduring interest in narrating stories and the theaters.
In 1895, Chattopadhyay's mother Bhubanmohini died. Matilal sold his paternal house on November 9, 1896 to Kedarnath's brother Aghornath for ₹255. After November 1896, Matilal rented a house owned by Chandrashekhar Sarkar, in the slums of Bhagalpur callad Khanjarpalli, distancing himself from the Gangopadhyay house. Chattopadhyay studied in college using borrowed books from his classmate he met in primary school. Chattopadhyay did not have enough money (₹20) to pay for the final college exams, after studying there for two years, ending his formal education. In August 1919, he sent a letter documenting his education conditions to Lilarani Gangopadhyay.
Sarat Chandra wrote in the English translation of his monumental book Srikanta: