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Shops Act 1911
The Shops Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 54) was a United Kingdom piece of legislation which allowed a weekly half holiday for shop staff. This became known in Britain as "early closing day". It formed part of the Liberal welfare reforms of 1906–1914.
Four brief acts, the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62), the Shop Hours Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 67), the Shop Hours Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 5) and the Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 21), were the first very limited steps taken towards the positive regulation of the employment of shop assistants in the United Kingdom. They, together with the Shops Act 1911, were collectively called the Shops Regulations Acts 1892 to 1911.
The House had resolved that more drastic legislation was required. As regards shops, therefore, in place of such general codes as apply to factories, laundries, mines—only three kinds of protective requirement are binding on employers of shop assistants:
The first two requirements are contained in the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62), which also prescribed that a notice, referring to the provisions of the act, and stating the number of hours in the week during which a young person may be lawfully employed in the shop, shall be kept exhibited by the employer; the third requirement was first provided by the Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899.
A wide interpretation is given by the Shop Hours Act 1892 to the class of workplace to which the limitation of hours applies. "Shop" means retail and wholesale shops, markets, stalls and warehouses in which assistants are employed for hire, and includes licensed public-houses and refreshment houses of any kind. The person responsible for the observance of the acts is the "employer" of the "young persons" (i.e., persons under the age of eighteen years), whose hours are limited, and of the "female assistants" for whom seats must be provided. The provisions of the act of 1892 did not apply to members of the same family living in a house of which the shop forms part, or to members of the employer's family, or to anyone wholly employed as a domestic servant.
The Shop Hours Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 67) provided for the salaries and expenses of the inspectors appointed by councils under by the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62).
The Shop Hours Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 5) provided a penalty for failure of a shop to keep exhibited the notice of the provisions of the earlier acts, which in the absence of a penalty it had been impossible to enforce.
Neither the term "employer " nor "shop assistant" (used in the title of the act of 1899) was defined; but other terms had the meaning assigned to them in the Factory and Workshop Act 1878. The "employer" had, in case of any contravention alleged, the same power as the "occupier" in the Factory Acts to exempt himself from fines on proof of due diligence and of the fact that some other person is the actual offender.
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Shops Act 1911
The Shops Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5. c. 54) was a United Kingdom piece of legislation which allowed a weekly half holiday for shop staff. This became known in Britain as "early closing day". It formed part of the Liberal welfare reforms of 1906–1914.
Four brief acts, the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62), the Shop Hours Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 67), the Shop Hours Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 5) and the Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 21), were the first very limited steps taken towards the positive regulation of the employment of shop assistants in the United Kingdom. They, together with the Shops Act 1911, were collectively called the Shops Regulations Acts 1892 to 1911.
The House had resolved that more drastic legislation was required. As regards shops, therefore, in place of such general codes as apply to factories, laundries, mines—only three kinds of protective requirement are binding on employers of shop assistants:
The first two requirements are contained in the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62), which also prescribed that a notice, referring to the provisions of the act, and stating the number of hours in the week during which a young person may be lawfully employed in the shop, shall be kept exhibited by the employer; the third requirement was first provided by the Seats for Shop Assistants Act 1899.
A wide interpretation is given by the Shop Hours Act 1892 to the class of workplace to which the limitation of hours applies. "Shop" means retail and wholesale shops, markets, stalls and warehouses in which assistants are employed for hire, and includes licensed public-houses and refreshment houses of any kind. The person responsible for the observance of the acts is the "employer" of the "young persons" (i.e., persons under the age of eighteen years), whose hours are limited, and of the "female assistants" for whom seats must be provided. The provisions of the act of 1892 did not apply to members of the same family living in a house of which the shop forms part, or to members of the employer's family, or to anyone wholly employed as a domestic servant.
The Shop Hours Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 67) provided for the salaries and expenses of the inspectors appointed by councils under by the Shop Hours Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 62).
The Shop Hours Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 5) provided a penalty for failure of a shop to keep exhibited the notice of the provisions of the earlier acts, which in the absence of a penalty it had been impossible to enforce.
Neither the term "employer " nor "shop assistant" (used in the title of the act of 1899) was defined; but other terms had the meaning assigned to them in the Factory and Workshop Act 1878. The "employer" had, in case of any contravention alleged, the same power as the "occupier" in the Factory Acts to exempt himself from fines on proof of due diligence and of the fact that some other person is the actual offender.