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Siege of Diaoyucheng
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Siege of Diaoyucheng
The siege of Diaoyucheng, alternatively the siege of Diaoyu Castle, was a battle between the Southern Song dynasty and the Mongol Empire in 1259. It occurred at the Diaoyu Fortress in modern-day Hechuan District, Chongqing, China. Möngke Khan, the fourth khagan of the Mongol Empire, lost his life in this battle, making it the only battle where the Mongols lost their khagan during their campaigns of conquest. This battle was preceded by the siege of Baghdad in 1258. The siege of Diaoyucheng was a setback for the Mongol conquest.
The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan conquered vast lands and subjugated nations. Genghis Khan's last battle was fought in Western Xia but his life had come to an end before he was able to conquer it. His successors carried on his ambition. In the year 1234, the Mongols conquered the Jin dynasty with the assistance of the Song.
In the same year, the Song attempted to take back its northern territories originally occupied by the Jin. In September 1234, the Mongols responded with the siege of Luoyang. The Song army holding Luoyang was short on food supplies. Additionally, the Mongols led the water of Yellow River into the city, causing great casualties among the Song army.
The fall of Luoyang was simply a prologue of a series of upcoming battles which lasted decades. The Mongols blamed the Song for "breaking the alliance".
After 1234, the Mongols launched an all-out war against the Song dynasty. They attacked from both the east and west flanks, crippling the Chinese defenses. Despite these initial military successes, the Song army managed to retaliate. No significant advancement was made.
Under the command of Meng Gong, Yu Jie, and other generals, the Song army fended off the advancing Mongols. In Sichuan, Meng Gong led the Song army as it held its position against the Mongols in 1239 and 1240.
In 1243, Yu Jie was appointed the commander of the Song army in Sichuan. When he came to Sichuan, he discovered that, due to the Mongol invasion, the Sichuan region was in a state of anarchy. The Song army was able to defend itself by forming smaller military units that did not have superiority over each other. In order to reverse the dire situation in Sichuan, Yu sought the advice of the people under his command. Ran Lian and Ran Pu, two hermits of Bozhou, came to his office and offered him the plan of building a castle in Hechuan. Specifically, the plan was to build a castle on Diaoyu Mountain of Hechuan. Hechuan sits at the eastern entrance of Sichuan region, and the Mongols had to pass it before advancing further into the interior of Sichuan. Thus, Diaoyu Mountain was a great defensive vantage point for the Song army.
Yu Jie ordered the construction of dozens of castles in different counties and made these castles the administrative centre of local government. All the castles that were built were situated on the tops of mountains which made them extremely formidable against any offensive. Diaoyu Castle was built in March 1243 and became the administrative center of Hechuan county.
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Siege of Diaoyucheng
The siege of Diaoyucheng, alternatively the siege of Diaoyu Castle, was a battle between the Southern Song dynasty and the Mongol Empire in 1259. It occurred at the Diaoyu Fortress in modern-day Hechuan District, Chongqing, China. Möngke Khan, the fourth khagan of the Mongol Empire, lost his life in this battle, making it the only battle where the Mongols lost their khagan during their campaigns of conquest. This battle was preceded by the siege of Baghdad in 1258. The siege of Diaoyucheng was a setback for the Mongol conquest.
The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan conquered vast lands and subjugated nations. Genghis Khan's last battle was fought in Western Xia but his life had come to an end before he was able to conquer it. His successors carried on his ambition. In the year 1234, the Mongols conquered the Jin dynasty with the assistance of the Song.
In the same year, the Song attempted to take back its northern territories originally occupied by the Jin. In September 1234, the Mongols responded with the siege of Luoyang. The Song army holding Luoyang was short on food supplies. Additionally, the Mongols led the water of Yellow River into the city, causing great casualties among the Song army.
The fall of Luoyang was simply a prologue of a series of upcoming battles which lasted decades. The Mongols blamed the Song for "breaking the alliance".
After 1234, the Mongols launched an all-out war against the Song dynasty. They attacked from both the east and west flanks, crippling the Chinese defenses. Despite these initial military successes, the Song army managed to retaliate. No significant advancement was made.
Under the command of Meng Gong, Yu Jie, and other generals, the Song army fended off the advancing Mongols. In Sichuan, Meng Gong led the Song army as it held its position against the Mongols in 1239 and 1240.
In 1243, Yu Jie was appointed the commander of the Song army in Sichuan. When he came to Sichuan, he discovered that, due to the Mongol invasion, the Sichuan region was in a state of anarchy. The Song army was able to defend itself by forming smaller military units that did not have superiority over each other. In order to reverse the dire situation in Sichuan, Yu sought the advice of the people under his command. Ran Lian and Ran Pu, two hermits of Bozhou, came to his office and offered him the plan of building a castle in Hechuan. Specifically, the plan was to build a castle on Diaoyu Mountain of Hechuan. Hechuan sits at the eastern entrance of Sichuan region, and the Mongols had to pass it before advancing further into the interior of Sichuan. Thus, Diaoyu Mountain was a great defensive vantage point for the Song army.
Yu Jie ordered the construction of dozens of castles in different counties and made these castles the administrative centre of local government. All the castles that were built were situated on the tops of mountains which made them extremely formidable against any offensive. Diaoyu Castle was built in March 1243 and became the administrative center of Hechuan county.
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