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Siyum
A siyum (Hebrew: סִיּוּם, romanized: siyyum, lit. 'completion') is the completion of any established unit of Torah study in Judaism. The most common units are a single volume of the Talmud, or of Mishnah, but other units of learning may lead to a siyyum.
The typical structure of a siyyum includes a conclusion of the study, reading of the Hadran text, kaddish, and a celebratory meal.
The custom to have a siyyum is first mentioned in the Talmud: "Abaye said: grant me my reward, for when I see a young Torah scholar who has completed a tractate, I make a celebration for the rabbis."
The typical siyum is on a single book of Talmud or an entire seder "order" (plural sedarim) of the Mishna. This is because the Talmud explains the Mishna, with each tractate of the Mishnah being relatively short, but the Talmudical version occupies an entire book.
The Talmud and Mishnah are organized in six sedarim. Sometimes, a siyum may be made on completing all the Mishnah of a seder rather than completing all six at once. Conversely, a larger Talmudic siyyum than usual may cover all Talmud in a seder or even all of the Talmud comprising all six sedarim. Such a siyyum is known as a Siyyum HaShas; HaShas is a Hebrew abbreviation for "the six orders."
Starting in the 20th century, other religious topics have been the topic of siyyum, though often less formal than the standard Mishnah/Talmud siyum. One of the most common is the completion of the Mishna Berurah, a detailed work of the rules Jews practice each day, each Sabbath, and relating to each festival. Young schoolchildren sometimes make an informal siyyum on completing one of the books of the Torah.
In many cases, no one completes the entire unit of study. Instead, the unit is split among participants, each of whom completes one section. Jointly, the participants complete the whole unit.
This is especially common for completing the entire six orders of the Mishnah after a person dies before the Jahrzeit and frequently for one order of the Mishnah within the month after their death.
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Siyum
A siyum (Hebrew: סִיּוּם, romanized: siyyum, lit. 'completion') is the completion of any established unit of Torah study in Judaism. The most common units are a single volume of the Talmud, or of Mishnah, but other units of learning may lead to a siyyum.
The typical structure of a siyyum includes a conclusion of the study, reading of the Hadran text, kaddish, and a celebratory meal.
The custom to have a siyyum is first mentioned in the Talmud: "Abaye said: grant me my reward, for when I see a young Torah scholar who has completed a tractate, I make a celebration for the rabbis."
The typical siyum is on a single book of Talmud or an entire seder "order" (plural sedarim) of the Mishna. This is because the Talmud explains the Mishna, with each tractate of the Mishnah being relatively short, but the Talmudical version occupies an entire book.
The Talmud and Mishnah are organized in six sedarim. Sometimes, a siyum may be made on completing all the Mishnah of a seder rather than completing all six at once. Conversely, a larger Talmudic siyyum than usual may cover all Talmud in a seder or even all of the Talmud comprising all six sedarim. Such a siyyum is known as a Siyyum HaShas; HaShas is a Hebrew abbreviation for "the six orders."
Starting in the 20th century, other religious topics have been the topic of siyyum, though often less formal than the standard Mishnah/Talmud siyum. One of the most common is the completion of the Mishna Berurah, a detailed work of the rules Jews practice each day, each Sabbath, and relating to each festival. Young schoolchildren sometimes make an informal siyyum on completing one of the books of the Torah.
In many cases, no one completes the entire unit of study. Instead, the unit is split among participants, each of whom completes one section. Jointly, the participants complete the whole unit.
This is especially common for completing the entire six orders of the Mishnah after a person dies before the Jahrzeit and frequently for one order of the Mishnah within the month after their death.