Slavery in Cyprus refer to the history of slavery in Cyprus. During The Roman era, slavery in Cyprus was a part of the history of slavery in the Roman Empire. For most of the middle ages, Cyprus was under Byzantine rule and slavery was thus managed in accordance with the laws of the Byzantine Empire, where slavery largely died out from the 10th century.

During the Venetian era and the Ottoman conquest, Cyprus was termed as infidel territory and subjected to slave raid by the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman Empire between 1571 and 1878, slavery was revived and expanded on Cyprus since Cyprus was subjected to the law of the Ottoman Empire, in which chattel slavery was termed legitimate by religious law (halal). During the Ottoman era Cyprus was situated between the Trans-Saharan slave trade and Red Sea slave trade from Africa and the Eastern and central parts of the Ottoman Empire, and Cyprus became a destination as well as a transit area for the African slave trade. In 1878 Cyprus became a British colony. Subject to British law, slavery no longer had legal standing on Cyprus and was thus in effect abolished. The Afro-cyprios are descendants of the former slaves.

During the tenure of Roman rule in Ancient Cyprus, slavery was regulated in accordance with the laws of slavery in the Roman Empire.

Cyprus was under the rule of the Byzantine Empire. During this time period, the institution of slavery in Cyprus was regulated by the laws governing the institution of slavery in the Byzantine Empire.

While slavery in the Byzantine Empire was never formally abolished, it was gradually phased out in favor of serfdom by the landowners in the countryside, which eventually reduced slavery to become a marginal urban phenomena after the 10th century onward.

While slavery was not formally banned, it dwindled to an insignificant phenomena on Cyprus. During the Kingdom of Cyprus (1192-1489), slaves are known to have worked on the royal sugar plantations, but it was noted that this was unusual, since the majority of workers on the sugar plantations on Cyprus, particularly on the non-royal plantations, are known to have been free vage laborers and not slaves, and that this was the normal custom in the Cypriotic sugar industry.

The Ottomans frequently raided Cyprus during Venetian rule. The first year of Venetian control, in 1489, the Ottomans attacked the Karpass Peninsula, pillaging and taking captives to be sold into slavery. In the summer of 1570, the Ottomans launched a full-scale invasion of Venetian Cyprus. Troops under the command of Lala Mustafa Pasha landed near Limassol on July 2, 1570, and laid siege to Nicosia. The city fell on September 9, 1570; after which 20,000 Nicosians were massacred, every church, public building, and palace was looted, men were massacred while women and children were captured to be sold as slaves.

The siege of Nicosia during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) began on 22 July and lasted for seven weeks, until 9 September. Finally, after 45 days of siege, on 9 September, the 15th assault succeeded in breaching the walls after the defenders had exhausted their ammunition. A massacre of the city's 20,000 inhabitants ensued. Even the city's pigs, regarded as unclean by Muslims, were killed, and only women and boys who were captured to be sold as slaves were spared. A combined Christian fleet of 200 vessels, composed of Venetian (under Girolamo Zane), Papal (under Marcantonio Colonna), and Neapolitan/Genoese/Spanish (under Giovanni Andrea Doria) squadrons that had belatedly been assembled at Crete by late August and was sailing towards Cyprus, turned back when it received news of Nicosia's fall.