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Shlomo ibn Aderet
Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet (Hebrew: שלמה בן אברהם אבן אדרת or Solomon son of Abraham son of Aderet) (1235 – 1310) was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba (Hebrew: רשב״א), the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham.
Aderet was born in Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, in 1235. He became a successful banker and leader of Spanish Jewry of his time. As a rabbinical authority his fame was such that he was designated as El Rab d'España ("The Rabbi of Spain"). He served as rabbi of the Main Synagogue of Barcelona for 50 years. He died in 1310.
Aderet's teachers were Nahmanides and Yonah Gerondi. He was a master in the study of the Talmud and was not opposed to the Kabbala. Aderet was very active as a rabbi and as an author. Under his auspices and recommendation, part of Maimonides's commentary on the Mishnah was translated from Judeo-Arabic into Mishnaic Hebrew. Crowds of disciples attended his Talmudic lectures, many of whom came from distant places. Questions in significant numbers, dealing with ritual, the most varied topics of the Halakah, and religious philosophy, were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, Moravia and even from Asia Minor.
Aderet's responsum to the Margraviate of Moravia in the year 1255 represents the earliest ever recorded evidence of a permanent Jewish presence in Austerlitz and in Třešť, as well as one of earliest recorded Jewish sources for that region.
His responsa show evidence of wide reading, keen intelligence, and systematic thought. They also afford a clear insight into the communal life of the time, portraying Aderet's contemporaries, and are of value for the study of rabbinical procedure and the intellectual development of the age in which he lived. Only half of these responsa have been published, and they total three thousand.
Among his numerous students were Yom Tov of Seville and Bahya ben Asher.
A manuscript purporting to be a certificate of indebtedness, dated 1262, in favour of "Solomon Adret of Barcelona" and a passport for the same Adret, dated 1269, are still extant.
Aderet had to contend with the external enemies of Judaism and religious disputes and excesses within its ranks. He wrote a refutation of the charges of Raymond Martini, a Dominican friar of Barcelona, who, in his work, Pugio Fidei, had collected passages from the Talmud and the Midrash and interpreted them in a manner hostile to Judaism. These charges also induced Aderet to write a commentary on the haggadot, of which only a fragment is now extant. He also refuted the attacks of a Muslim who asserted that Christian priests had falsified the Bible. M. Schreiner has shown that this Muslim was ibn Hazm, and the book referred to was Al-Milal wal-Niḥal "Religions and Sects".
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Shlomo ibn Aderet
Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet (Hebrew: שלמה בן אברהם אבן אדרת or Solomon son of Abraham son of Aderet) (1235 – 1310) was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba (Hebrew: רשב״א), the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham.
Aderet was born in Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, in 1235. He became a successful banker and leader of Spanish Jewry of his time. As a rabbinical authority his fame was such that he was designated as El Rab d'España ("The Rabbi of Spain"). He served as rabbi of the Main Synagogue of Barcelona for 50 years. He died in 1310.
Aderet's teachers were Nahmanides and Yonah Gerondi. He was a master in the study of the Talmud and was not opposed to the Kabbala. Aderet was very active as a rabbi and as an author. Under his auspices and recommendation, part of Maimonides's commentary on the Mishnah was translated from Judeo-Arabic into Mishnaic Hebrew. Crowds of disciples attended his Talmudic lectures, many of whom came from distant places. Questions in significant numbers, dealing with ritual, the most varied topics of the Halakah, and religious philosophy, were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, Moravia and even from Asia Minor.
Aderet's responsum to the Margraviate of Moravia in the year 1255 represents the earliest ever recorded evidence of a permanent Jewish presence in Austerlitz and in Třešť, as well as one of earliest recorded Jewish sources for that region.
His responsa show evidence of wide reading, keen intelligence, and systematic thought. They also afford a clear insight into the communal life of the time, portraying Aderet's contemporaries, and are of value for the study of rabbinical procedure and the intellectual development of the age in which he lived. Only half of these responsa have been published, and they total three thousand.
Among his numerous students were Yom Tov of Seville and Bahya ben Asher.
A manuscript purporting to be a certificate of indebtedness, dated 1262, in favour of "Solomon Adret of Barcelona" and a passport for the same Adret, dated 1269, are still extant.
Aderet had to contend with the external enemies of Judaism and religious disputes and excesses within its ranks. He wrote a refutation of the charges of Raymond Martini, a Dominican friar of Barcelona, who, in his work, Pugio Fidei, had collected passages from the Talmud and the Midrash and interpreted them in a manner hostile to Judaism. These charges also induced Aderet to write a commentary on the haggadot, of which only a fragment is now extant. He also refuted the attacks of a Muslim who asserted that Christian priests had falsified the Bible. M. Schreiner has shown that this Muslim was ibn Hazm, and the book referred to was Al-Milal wal-Niḥal "Religions and Sects".