Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information,^{[citation needed]} georeferenced data and information,^{[citation needed]} as well as geodata and geoinformation.^{[citation needed]}

Geographic data and information is stored in geographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS). There are many different formats of geodata, including vector files, raster files, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.

Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly:

"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."

The above is in addition to other related fields, such as: