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Stephen Bone
Stephen Bone
Stephen Bone
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Stephen Bone (13 November 1904 – 15 September 1958)[1] was an English painter, writer, broadcaster and noted war artist. Bone achieved early success in book illustration using woodcuts before he turned to painting and art criticism.[2]

Key Information

Early life

[edit]
A British Camp near Skibotn, Norway (Art.IWM ARTLD 5336)
Mulberry Harbour, Normandy (Art.IWM ARTLD 5445)

Stephen Bone was born in Chiswick in west London, the son of Sir Muirhead Bone, an artist, and Gertrude Helena Dodd, a writer. After leaving Bedales School, he travelled widely in Europe with his father before enrolling at the Slade School of Fine Art in 1922. Bone became disillusioned with the Slade; he left in 1924 to begin illustrating books with woodcuts for his mother and other writers.[3] In 1925, he was awarded the gold medal for Wood Engraving at the International Exhibition in Paris.[4] In 1926, he was the subject of a joint exhibition at the Goupil Gallery, alongside Rodney Joseph Burn and Robin Guthrie, and in 1928 he painted a mural for the underground station at Piccadilly Circus.[5][6]

In 1929, Bone married the artist Mary Adshead, and they were to have two sons and a daughter.[7] The couple travelled extensively across Britain and Europe, which allowed Bone to paint outdoors in all weathers and to develop a style of bright landscape painting that proved popular and sold well at a number of gallery exhibitions.[5]

During the 1930s, Bone exhibited at the Fine Art Society, at the Leferve Gallery, the Redfern Gallery and in 1936 exhibited a series of 41 paintings of British counties at the Ryman Gallery in Oxford.[6] During 1936 and 1937, he painted and exhibited in Stockholm.[6]

World War II

[edit]
The Wreck of the Tirpitz, June 1945 (ART IWM LD 5441)

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Bone enlisted as an officer in the Civil Defence Camouflage Establishment based in Leamington Spa.[8][9] In June 1943, Bone was appointed by the War Artists' Advisory Committee to be a full-time salaried artist to the Ministry of Information specialising in Admiralty subjects. The post had originally being held by Stephen's father, Muirhead Bone, but following the death of Gavin Bone, Stephen's brother, Muirhead decided not to continue with the commission. Stephen produced a large quantity of works around Great Britain, showing coastal installations and naval craft, including several works painted on-board submarines.[10] He witnessed and sketched the 1944 Normandy landings, painted scenes in Caen and Courseulles after the invasion, and went on to record the assault on Walcheren Island in the Netherlands.[9][11] Toward the end of 1945, he travelled to Norway and painted the wreck of the Tirpitz.[11] In Norway, he also recorded captured naval bases and observed a number of mass graves of, mostly, Soviet prisoners of war.[12]

Later life

[edit]

After the war, Bone found his style of painting somewhat out of fashion and, although he continued to paint, he found it difficult to get his work exhibited. He became an art critic for the Manchester Guardian, wrote humorous pieces for the Glasgow Herald and did television and radio work for the BBC. With his wife, he wrote and illustrated children's books. Together they organised a mural painting course at Dartington.[6] In 1957, Bone was appointed the director of the Hornsey College of Art.[13] He died of cancer on 15 September 1958 at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.[5]

Selected bibliography

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Stephen Bone

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Stephen Bone (1904–1958) was an English painter, wood engraver, illustrator, writer, broadcaster, and noted war artist known for his landscape paintings, distinctive small oil panels, book illustrations, and art criticism. Born in Chiswick into a prominent family of artists and writers as the son of the painter Sir Muirhead Bone, Bone studied at the Slade School of Fine Art from 1922 to 1924 and married the artist Mary Adshead. He gained early recognition for his wood engravings, winning a gold medal at the 1925 Paris International Exhibition, and exhibited widely in the 1920s and 1930s at venues including the Goupil Gallery, Fine Art Society, Lefevre Gallery, and Redfern Gallery, while also creating a mural decoration for Piccadilly Circus Underground station in 1928. An active member of the Artists' International Association in the late 1930s, he assisted German artist refugees in settling and working in Britain. During the Second World War, Bone initially served as a civilian camouflage officer in Leamington Spa before becoming an Official War Artist attached to the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1945, where he specialized in small oil panel "snapshots" capturing naval scenes. His pre-war travels across the British Isles and continent informed works such as those illustrating his book Albion: An Artist’s Britain in 1939. After the war, as his painting style fell out of fashion, Bone shifted focus to communication through words and media, serving as art critic for the Manchester Guardian from 1948, contributing to publications including the Yorkshire Post and Glasgow Herald, broadcasting regularly on BBC radio and television programmes such as The Critics and The Brains Trust, and authoring children's books and travel guides including the Shell Guide to the West Coast of Scotland. In 1957 he was appointed director of Hornsey College of Art.

Early Life and Education

Birth and Family Background

Stephen Bone was born on 13 November 1904 in Chiswick, London. He was the son of Sir Muirhead Bone, a prominent etcher, illustrator, and artist who later served as an official war artist during both World Wars, and Gertrude Helena Dodd, a writer. The family background was steeped in artistic and literary pursuits, with his father's established reputation in etching and draughtsmanship providing a significant influence. Bone had one brother, Gavin Bone (1907–1942). This immediate family environment, marked by professional involvement in the arts, shaped his early exposure to creative fields.

Schooling and Art Training

Stephen Bone was educated at Bedales School. During his youth, he travelled widely in Europe with his father, including a period living in Italy from 1910 to 1912. He enrolled at the Slade School of Art in 1922, where he studied under Henry Tonks. Bone remained at the Slade until 1924, when he left due to disillusionment with the academic approach.

Pre-War Artistic Career

Book Illustration and Early Recognition

Stephen Bone achieved early success as a professional artist in the 1920s through his skilled wood engravings and book illustrations, often collaborating with his mother, writer Gertrude Bone. His woodcuts appeared in several publications during this period, including Mr Paul (1921) and The Furrowed Earth (1921) by Gertrude Bone, A Farmers' Life (1922) by G. Bourne, Of the Western Isles (1925) by Gertrude Bone featuring forty of his woodcuts, The Hidden Orchis (1928) by Gertrude Bone, and The Cope (1930) by Gertrude Bone. In 1925, he received significant recognition when he was awarded the gold medal for wood engraving at the International Exhibition in Paris. The following year, Bone participated in a joint exhibition at the Goupil Gallery alongside fellow artists Rodney Joseph Burn and Robin Guthrie. In 1928, he executed a mural decoration for Piccadilly Circus Underground station, marking an early foray into public decorative work. These achievements established Bone's reputation in wood engraving and illustration before his shift toward landscape painting later in the decade.

Landscape Painting and Exhibitions

In 1929, Stephen Bone married the artist Mary Adshead, and the couple travelled extensively across Britain and Europe in the years that followed. These joint expeditions enabled Bone to paint outdoors in all weathers and develop a distinctive style of bright landscape painting. His preferred medium during this period was the small oil panel, often likened to a "snapshot," which captured vivid scenes from his wide-ranging travels. During the 1930s, Bone exhibited regularly at several leading London galleries, including the Fine Art Society, the Lefevre Gallery, and the Redfern Gallery. In 1936, he mounted a notable exhibition at the Ryman Gallery in Oxford featuring a series of 41 paintings depicting various British counties. That same year and into 1937, he spent time painting and exhibiting in Stockholm. His landscapes from this era proved popular and sold well at these exhibitions. Bone's travels and resulting paintings culminated in the publication of Albion: An Artist’s Britain in 1939, a book illustrated with his landscapes.

World War II Service

Camouflage Establishment Role

At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Stephen Bone enlisted as an officer in the Civil Defence Camouflage Establishment based in Leamington Spa. This unit employed artists and designers to develop camouflage techniques for protecting civilian infrastructure and military sites from aerial reconnaissance and bombing. Bone worked on camouflage operations as part of these efforts during the early war years. His service in this role lasted until 1943, when he transitioned to an appointment as an official war artist. As the son of Sir Muirhead Bone, who had a prior role with the Admiralty as a war artist during the First World War, Stephen Bone followed a family tradition of contributing artistic skills to wartime needs.

Official War Artist Appointment

In June 1943, Stephen Bone was appointed by the War Artists' Advisory Committee as a full-time salaried artist to the Ministry of Information, specializing in Admiralty subjects. This position had previously been held by his father, Sir Muirhead Bone, who had relinquished it following the death of Stephen's brother Gavin Bone. In this role, Bone focused on naval themes, producing numerous paintings and drawings of coastal installations and naval craft around Great Britain, as well as several works painted onboard submarines. His output was prolific, with institutions such as the National Maritime Museum holding approximately 80 of his oil paintings and drawings created for the War Artists' Advisory Committee.

Wartime Artworks and Experiences

Stephen Bone documented several key Allied operations through his artworks during World War II, capturing immediate scenes from major landings and their aftermath. In 1944, he recorded the Normandy landings, sketching events on the invasion beaches before producing paintings in the recently liberated towns of Caen and Courseulles-sur-Mer. His Normandy works include depictions of Courseulles Beach and related infrastructure such as Mulberry Harbour at Arromanches. Later in 1944, Bone depicted the assault on Walcheren Island in the Netherlands, with one notable work showing fleet minesweepers off Walcheren at sunrise on 1 November 1944. In June 1945, he travelled to Norway, where he painted the capsized wreck of the German battleship Tirpitz in Tromsø Fjord, dated 21 June 1945. During this period, he also recorded captured naval bases, post-liberation scenes such as Russian ex-prisoners marching in Tromsø on 22 June 1945, and mass graves primarily containing Soviet POWs. Most of Bone's wartime artworks are small-format oil studies painted on panel, board, or similar supports, created on the spot or shortly afterward in a snapshot-like style to convey direct observations. Many of these pieces are held in the collection of the Imperial War Museum.

Post-War Career

Art Criticism and Writing

After World War II, Stephen Bone transitioned from active artistic production and wartime service to a career centered on art criticism, journalism, and related writing. From 1948, he served as art critic for the Manchester Guardian, focusing on commentary about the London art scene and broader developments in British visual arts. He also contributed regularly to the Yorkshire Post during this period. Bone additionally wrote humorous travel articles for the Glasgow Herald under the pseudonym "Luggage McLuggage," providing a lighter, satirical perspective on journeys and observations. His post-war publications included British Weather, issued in 1946 as part of the Collins "Britain in Pictures" series, which combined his text with color plates and black-and-white illustrations to explore the character of British climate and its influence on landscape and life. He later authored the Shell Guide to the West Coast of Scotland, offering detailed commentary and visual documentation of the region's topography and character. His work in art criticism and journalism reflected a continued engagement with visual culture through written analysis and observation, complementing his earlier achievements as a painter and illustrator.

Broadcasting for BBC

In the 1950s Stephen Bone emerged as a broadcaster for the BBC. He frequently served on the panel of the radio programmes The Critics and The Brains Trust. He also appeared on the long-running television programme Animal, Vegetable and Mineral. These contributions marked his involvement in BBC radio and television, where he brought his expertise to discussion-based formats reaching broad audiences.

Children's Books and Teaching

Stephen Bone collaborated with his wife Mary Adshead on several children's books throughout his career, providing the text while they jointly handled illustrations. These included pre-war and wartime works such as The Little Boy and His House (1936) and The Silly Snail and Other Stories (1942), as well as the post-war The Little Boys and Their Boats (1953). In the 1950s, Bone and Adshead organised a mural painting course at Dartington. Bone was appointed director of Hornsey College of Art in 1957. The position proved short-lived due to his declining health.

Personal Life and Death

Marriage and Family

Stephen Bone married the artist Mary Adshead in 1929. The couple, both accomplished painters, formed a partnership that extended into their personal lives while they raised a family in London. They had three children—two sons and one daughter—with their eldest son being Quentin Bone, who later became a distinguished zoologist and Fellow of the Royal Society. Quentin was born in Hampstead, north London, where the family lived, and he recalled accompanying his father on countryside walks as a schoolboy that sparked his early interest in natural history.

Final Years and Death

In 1957, Bone was appointed director of Hornsey College of Art. In his post-war years, Bone's painting style fell out of favour, making it difficult for him to secure exhibitions although he continued to paint. He died of cancer on 15 September 1958 at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, at the age of 53. Many of his works remain in public collections, including at the Imperial War Museum and the Tate, with Art UK listing over 170 works by the artist.

References

  1. https://artuk.org/discover/artists/bone-stephen-19041958
  2. https://www.panterandhall.com/collections/stephen-bone-1904-1958
  3. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/stephen-bone-779
  4. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-13028
  5. https://iwmvolunteerlondon.wordpress.com/2020/05/27/muirhead-and-stephen-bone-father-and-son-war-artists/
  6. https://archives.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php/bone-gavin-d-1907-1942-anglo-saxon-scholar-and-artist
  7. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG20167
  8. https://wahooart.com/en/artists/stephen-bone-en/
  9. https://www.abebooks.com/signed-first-edition/Mr-Paul-Gertrude-Bone-Illustrated-Stephen/30372248134/bd
  10. https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Furrowed-Earth-Gertrude-Bone-Chatto-WIndus/30980230618/bd
  11. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100857273
  12. https://www.abebooks.com/signed-first-edition/Cope-Gertrude-Bone-Medici-Society-London/30980233309/bd
  13. https://www.newenglishartclub.co.uk/past-members/stephen-bone/
  14. https://www.jennaburlingham.com/artists/111-stephen-bone/
  15. https://lissllewellyn.com/artists/stephen-bone/
  16. https://www.abbottandholder.co.uk/stephen-bone-2023/
  17. https://artuk.org/discover/curations/war-artists-advisory-committee-stephen-bone-before-normandy/template/storyline
  18. https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/artists/sir-muirhead-bone
  19. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/these-extraordinary-artworks-tell-the-story-of-d-day
  20. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-12181
  21. https://artuk.org/discover/curations/artists-and-wartime-places-stephen-bone-and-admiralty-subjects/template/storyline
  22. https://artuk.org/discover/curations/artists-and-wartime-places-stephen-bone-and-admiralty-subjects/template/album
  23. https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/search?filters%5BmakerString%5D%5BBone%2C%20Stephen%5D=on&page=1
  24. https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/3201
  25. https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/3264
  26. https://www.nytimes.com/1958/09/16/archives/stephen-bone53-painter-is-dead-british-landscape-portrait-artist.html
  27. https://modernbritishartgallery.com/artwork/the-little-boy-and-his-house-1936/
  28. https://www.the-independent.com/news/people/obituary-mary-adshead-1599840.html
  29. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/27/quentin-bone-obituary
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