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Stocks Market

Stocks Market was a market in central London operating between 1282 and 1737 and for centuries was London's main retail meat and produce market.

The market was located to the east of the Walbrook in the heart of the City of London. It was demolished to make way for the building of the Mansion House on the same site.

Before the Stocks Market opened, foodstuffs were sold at stalls in Cheapside. There was concern that waste from these stalls would disrupt King Edward I's ceremonial entry into London in 1274, and the butchers' and fishmongers' stalls were moved to the site of the future Stocks Market.

Stocks Market was formally established in 1282 by Henry le Walleis, the Lord Mayor of London. It was rebuilt on the same site in 1410–1411. The market was named after "the only fixed pair of stocks in the city" which were used to punish offenders.

By 1345, Cheapside was again thronged with butchers' and fishmongers' stall on market days, obstructing the streets. The butchers and fishmongers were required to move to Stocks Market and the poultrymen to adjoining shops or to Leadenhall Market. By 1359, Stocks Market had 71 'covered plots' in four rows for the sale of meat and fish, and 27 more in covered areas along the outer walls. The fruit and vegetable stalls had moved to an area at St Paul's Churchyard.

From 1400, the market was under the control of the Wardens of London Bridge, who let stalls to butchers and fishmongers for the term of their life. Funds raised from rents were used for the maintenance of the bridge. For centuries, Stocks Market was London's largest retail meat and produce market.

Hygiene standards are thought to have been better at Stocks Market than elsewhere, due to the availability of water and drainage from the Walbrook that ran alongside and also due to the management of the London Bridge wardens. In the fifteenth century there were public latrines in the market which were flushed with running water from the Walbrook.

By 1543, the market had 25 stalls for fishmongers, 18 stalls for butchers and 16 chambers above, rented to various traders. Poultry sellers and sellers of dairy produce congregated in the streets leading to Stocks Market, including Milk Street and Poultry. The market occupied a substantial piece of land in central London; 232 by 150 feet (71 m × 46 m), excluding waste land to the east and west sides, and the building was 25 feet (7.6 m) in height. Stocks Market was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and then rebuilt.

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market in London from 1282 to 1737
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