Survival International is a human rights organisation formed in 1969, a London-based charity that campaigns for the collective rights of Indigenous, tribal and uncontacted peoples.

The organisation's campaigns generally focus on tribal peoples' desires to keep their ancestral lands. Survival International calls these peoples socially vulnerable, and aims to eradicate what it calls 'misconceptions' used to justify violations of human rights. It also aims to publicize harm caused to tribes by corporations and governments. Survival International states that it aims to help foster tribal people's self-determination.

Survival International is in association with the United Nations Department of Global Communications and in consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council. To ensure freedom of action, Survival accepts no government funding. It is a founding member and a signatory organization of the Accountability Charter (INGO Accountability Charter). Survival has offices in Amsterdam, Berlin, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, and San Francisco.

Survival International was founded in 1969 (as the "Primitive Peoples Fund") after an article by Norman Lewis in The Sunday Times Magazine highlighted the massacres, land thefts and genocide taking place in Brazilian Amazonia. In 1971, the fledgling organisation visited Brazil to observe the Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI) government agency responsible for tribal peoples there. After a name change, Survival International incorporated as an English company in 1972 and registered as a charity in 1974. According to the autobiography of its first chairman, the explorer Robin Hanbury-Tenison, while travelling with the ethnobotanist Conrad Gorinsky in the Amazon in 1968,

"We decided that an organisation should be created to oppose these short-sighted policies; that it should be based upon principles which take into account the Indians' own desires and needs rather than our society's prejudices; that it should strive to protect the rights of Indians to their lands, their cultures and their identity; that it should foster respect for and research into their knowledge and experience so that through being recognised as experts they should be allowed to survive and we should learn from them and so contribute to our own survival. Thus the concept of Survival International was born. When, a few months later, exposure in the European press of the atrocities perpetrated in Brazil against the Brazilian Indians by the very agency created to protect them, roused public opinion, we were ready to join in the slow process of raising money and building an organisation."

— Robin Hanbury-Tenison - President and co-founder of Survival International

It was the first in this field to use mass letter-writing, having orchestrated several campaigns in many different places throughout the world, such as Siberia, Canada, and Kenya. Several campaigns were able to bring change to government policies regarding the rights of local Indigenous people. In 2000, this form of struggle was successful in driving the Indian government to abandon their plan to relocate the isolated Jarawa tribe, after receiving 150-200 letters a day from Survival supporters around the world. Shortly before that, the governor of western Siberia imposed a five-year ban on all oil licences in the territory of the Yugan Khanty within weeks of Survival issuing a bulletin. Survival was also the first organisation to draw attention to the destructive effects of World Bank projects – now recognised as a major cause of suffering in many poor countries.

Survival is the only international pro-tribal peoples organisation to have received the Right Livelihood Award, as well as the Spanish "Premio Léon Felipe" and the Italian "Medaglia della Presidenza della Camera dei Deputati".