2020 United States Senate election in Montana

2020 United States Senate election in Montana
Turnout	81.33%
	Daines: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90%; Bullock: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% >90%; No data
U.S. senator before election; Steve Daines; Republican	Elected U.S. Senator ; Steve Daines; Republican

The 2020 United States Senate election in Montana was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Montana. It was held concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. The primaries for both the Democratic and Republican nominations took place on June 2, 2020. Incumbent senator Steve Daines won the Republican primary, while Montana governor Steve Bullock won the Democratic primary.^[2]

Originally, this seat was projected to be a safe Republican hold.^[3] However, Bullock entered the race on the last day to file, shifting the dynamics of the contest dramatically; many political pundits then considered it a competitive race and a potential pickup for Democrats.^[4] One poll showed Bullock leading by seven points.^[5] Democrats outspent Republicans $82 million to $63 million on this race; it was one of the most expensive Senate races in the 2020 cycle.^[6] On Election Day, Daines prevailed by a relatively comfortable 10% margin following a trend of Republican Senate candidates outperforming expectations.

Despite his loss, Bullock did outperform Biden, who lost Montana by a 16.4% margin.^[7] He also flipped two counties won by Donald Trump in the presidential contest — Lewis and Clark and Roosevelt.

This election marked the first time since 2000 where Montana voted for a Republican governor, president, and senator all on the same ballot. As the Green Party was removed from the ballot and both Libertarian nominees withdrew, this was the first time since 1988 that there were no third-party candidates running for either United States House of Representatives or United States Senate in Montana.^[8] This was the first time ever that an incumbent Republican senator was re-elected to this seat.

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Steve Daines, incumbent U.S. senator^[9]

Eliminated in primary

John Driscoll, former Democratic Speaker of the Montana House of Representatives (1977–1979)^[10]
Daniel Larson, hardware store manager^[9]

Endorsements

Steve Daines

Individuals

Donald Trump Jr., son of President Donald Trump^[11]

Results

Republican primary results^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Steve Daines (incumbent)	192,942	88.02%
	Republican	John Driscoll	13,944	6.36%
	Republican	Daniel Larson	12,319	5.62%
Total votes			219,205	100.00%

Democratic primary

Following Steve Bullock's entry shortly before the March 9 filing deadline, several Democrats dropped from the race.^[2]

Candidates

Nominee

Steve Bullock, incumbent governor of Montana and former candidate for president of the United States in 2020^[4]^[13]^[14]

Eliminated in primary

John Mues, nuclear engineer and U.S. Navy veteran^[15]

Withdrawn

Jack Ballard, former professor at Montana State University Billings (endorsed Bullock)^[16]
Wilmot Collins, mayor of Helena (endorsed Bullock)^[17]
Mike Knoles, mathematician, physicist, and data analyst (endorsed Bullock)^[18] (remained on ballot)
Cora Neumann, public health expert and founder of the Global First Ladies Alliance^[19] (endorsed Bullock)^[20]
Josh Seckinger, fishing guide (endorsed Bullock)^[21]

Declined

Michael Punke, writer and former U.S. ambassador to the World Trade Organization^[22]^[23]
Brian Schweitzer, former governor of Montana^[24]
Kathleen Williams, former state representative and nominee for Montana's at-large congressional district in 2018 (running for Montana's at-large congressional district)^[25]

Endorsements

Steve Bullock

Federal officials

Kamala Harris, U.S. senator from California (2017-2021), 2020 Democratic vice presidential nominee^[26]

Results

Democratic primary results^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Steve Bullock	144,949	95.45%
	Democratic	John Mues	3,740	2.46%
	Democratic	Mike Knoles (withdrawn)	3,165	2.09%
Total votes			151,854	100.00%

Other candidates

Libertarian Party

After Susan Geise officially withdrew, the Montana Libertarian Party could name a replacement candidate for the general election.^[27]^[28] However, during a meeting to select a replacement candidate, a majority of party officials selected not to have a replacement candidate, with "none of the above" winning the most votes.^[29]

Withdrawn

Eric Fulton, Republican candidate for District 65 of the Montana House of Representatives in 2014^[30]
Susan Geise, Lewis and Clark County commissioner and former chair of the Montana Republican Party^[31]^[27]^[32]

Green Party

Disqualified

Wendie Fredrickson, former audit reviewer for Montana State Department of Public Health and Human Services^[10]^[33]^[34]

Eliminated in primary

Dennis Daneke, retired college professor^[35]^[33]

Results

Green primary results^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Green	Wendie Fredrickson	504	66.40%
	Green	Dennis Daneke	255	33.60%
Total votes			758	100.00%

General election

Debate

Host	Date & time	Link(s)	Participants
Host	Date & time	Link(s)	Steve Daines (R)	Steve Bullock (D)
Montana Broadcasters Association	August 8, 2020 9:30pm MDT	^[36]	Present	Present
Montana Television Network	October 10, 2020 5:47pm MDT	^[37]	Present	Present

Predictions

Source	Rating	As of
The Cook Political Report^[38]	Toss Up	October 29, 2020
Inside Elections^[39]	Tossup	October 28, 2020
Sabato's Crystal Ball^[40]	Lean R	November 2, 2020
Daily Kos^[41]	Lean R	October 30, 2020
Politico^[42]	Tossup	November 2, 2020
RCP^[43]	Tossup	October 23, 2020
DDHQ^[44]	Lean R	November 3, 2020
538^[45]	Lean R	November 2, 2020
Economist^[46]	Lean R	November 2, 2020

Additional general election endorsements

Steve Daines (R)

U.S. executive branch officials

Nikki Haley, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018), 116th governor of South Carolina (2011–2017)^[47]
Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States (2017-2021)^[48]

U.S. senators

Ted Cruz, U.S. senator from Texas (2013-present)^[49]
Lindsey Graham, U.S. senator from South Carolina (2003-present)^[50]
Mitch McConnell, U.S. senator from Kentucky (1985-present) and Senate Majority Leader (2015-2021)^[51]
Marco Rubio, U.S. senator from Florida (2011-present)^[52]

Organizations

Campaign for Working Families^[53]
Club for Growth^[54]
Crow Tribe of Montana^[55]
FreedomWorks^[53]
National Association of Home Builders^[54]
National Right to Life Committee^[54]
NRA Political Victory Fund^[56]^[57]
Senate Conservatives Fund^[58]
Susan B. Anthony List^[54]
Tea Party Express^[54]

Steve Bullock (D)

Federal officials

Amy Klobuchar, U.S. senator from Minnesota (2007–present), candidate for 2020 Democratic presidential nomination^[59]
Jon Tester, U.S. senator from Montana (2007-2025), president of the Montana Senate (2005-2007)^[60]

Newspapers

Organizations

Unions

Polling

Graphical summary

Aggregate polls


Steve Bullock vs. Steve Daines
Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Steve Bullock	Steve Daines	Other/Undecided^[a]	Margin
Real Clear Politics^[81]	October 5–24, 2020	October 30, 2020	46.4%	48.8%	4.8%	Daines + 2.4
270 to Win^[82]	October 19, 2020	October 28, 2020	47.2%	48.0%	4.8%	Daines + 0.8

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Steve Daines (R)	Steve Bullock (D)	Other / Undecided
Change Research^[83]	October 29 – November 2, 2020	920 (LV)	± 3.5%	50%	46%	3%^[c]
Public Policy Polling (D)^[84]^[A]	October 26–27, 2020	886 (LV)	± 3.3%	47%	48%	6%^[d]
The Progress Campaign (D)^[85]	October 25, 2020	– (V)^[e]	–	48%	48%	–
Montana State University Billings^[86]	October 19–24, 2020	546 (LV)	± 4.2%	47%	48%	5%^[f]
Siena College/NYT Upshot^[87]	October 18–20, 2020	758 (LV)	± 4.4%	49%	46%	6%^[g]
Strategies 360^[88]	October 15–20, 2020	500 (LV)	± 4.4%	48%	47%	5%^[f]
RMG Research^[89]	October 15–18, 2020	800 (LV)	± 3.5%	49%^[h]	47%	5%^[i]
				47%^[j]	48%	5%^[i]
				50%^[k]	45%	5%^[i]
Public Policy Polling^[90]	October 9–10, 2020	798 (V)	± 3.5%	48%	48%	4%^[l]
Emerson College^[91]	October 4–7, 2020	500 (LV)	± 3.7%	52%	43%	6%^[m]
Data For Progress (D)^[92]	September 30 – October 5, 2020	737 (LV)	± 3.6%	47%	48%	4%^[n]
Montana State University Bozeman^[93]	September 14 – October 2, 2020	1,609 (LV)	± 3.9%	47%	49%	4%^[o]
Siena College/NYT Upshot^[94]	September 14–16, 2020	625 (LV)	± 4.8%	45%	44%	11%^[p]
Fabrizio Ward/Hart Research Associates^[95]^[B]	August 30 – September 5, 2020	800 (LV)	± 3.5%	50%	47%	3%^[q]
Emerson College^[96]	July 31 – August 2, 2020	584 (LV)	± 4.0%	50%	44%	6%^[m]
Spry Strategies (R)^[97]^[C]	July 11–16, 2020	700 (LV)	± 3.7%	47%	44%	9%^[r]
Civiqs/Daily Kos^[98]	July 11–13, 2020	873 (RV)	± 4.2%	49%	47%	3%^[s]
Public Policy Polling^[99]	July 9–10, 2020	1,224 (V)	± 2.8%	44%	46%	10%^[t]
University of Montana^[100]	June 17–26, 2020	517 (RV)	± 4.3%	43%	47%	10%^[u]
Montana State University Bozeman^[101]	April 10–27, 2020	459 (LV)	± 4.6%	39%	46%	15%^[v]
The Progress Campaign (D)^[102]	April 14–21, 2020	712 (LV)	± 4.6%	46%	49%	5%
Public Policy Polling (D)^[103]^[D]	March 12–13, 2020	903 (V)	± 3.3%	47%	47%	6%

Hypothetical polling

University of Montana polls did not account for certain presumed withdrawals of major party candidates after their primaries in the following polls. Steve Daines vs Steve Bullock, Wilmot Collins, Mike Knoles, Cora Neumann, and John Mues

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Democratic candidates	Steve Daines (R)
University of Montana^[104]	February 12–22, 2020	498 (LV)	± 4.4%	53%^[w]	47%

Steve Daines vs Jack Ballard, Wilmot Collins, and John Mues

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size^[b]	Margin of error	Democratic candidates	Steve Daines (R)
University of Montana^[105]	September 26 – October 3, 2019	303 (RV)	± 5.6%	36%^[x]	64%

Results

United States Senate election in Montana, 2020^[106]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Steve Daines (incumbent)	333,174	55.01%	−2.78%
	Democratic	Steve Bullock	272,463	44.99%	+4.92%
Total votes			605,637	100.00%
	Republican hold

By county

County^[106]	Steve Daines Republican		Steve Bullock Democratic		Margin		Total votes
County^[106]	#	%	#	%	#	%	Total votes
Beaverhead	3,775	66.64	1,890	33.36	1,885	33.27	5,665
Big Horn	2,106	43.94	2,687	56.06	-581	-12.12	4,793
Blaine	1,343	42.84	1,792	57.16	-449	-14.32	3,135
Broadwater	3,107	75.60	1,003	24.40	2,104	51.19	4,110
Carbon	4,404	62.96	2,591	37.04	1,813	25.92	6,995
Carter	767	86.08	94	10.55	673	75.53	891
Cascade	22,312	55.73	17,727	44.27	4,585	11.45	40,039
Chouteau	1,813	60.59	1,179	39.40	634	21.19	2,992
Custer	3,995	68.17	1,865	31.83	2,130	36.35	5,860
Daniels	787	76.41	243	23.59	544	52.82	1,030
Dawson	3,634	75.35	1,189	24.65	2,445	50.70	4,823
Deer Lodge	1,921	39.35	2,961	60.65	-1,040	-21.30	4,882
Fallon	1,341	85.09	235	14.91	1,106	70.18	1,576
Fergus	4,746	72.63	1,788	27.36	2,958	45.27	6,534
Flathead	37,861	63.06	22,180	36.94	15,681	26.12	60,041
Gallatin	31,829	44.65	39,450	55.35	-7,621	-10.69	71,279
Garfield	736	90.98	73	9.02	663	81.95	809
Glacier	1,687	29.50	4,032	70.50	-2,345	-41.00	5,719
Golden Valley	405	80.36	99	19.64	306	60.71	504
Granite	1,360	64.73	741	35.27	619	29.46	2,101
Hill	3,746	51.86	3,477	48.14	269	3.72	7,223
Jefferson	5,206	63.70	2,967	36.30	2,239	27.40	8,173
Judith Basin	1,026	76.11	322	23.89	704	52.22	1,348
Lake	8,964	53.91	7,664	46.09	1,300	7.82	16,628
Lewis and Clark	20,554	48.35	21,955	51.65	-1,401	-3.30	42,509
Liberty	789	72.52	299	27.48	490	45.04	1,088
Lincoln	8,490	72.45	3,228	27.55	5,262	44.90	11,718
Madison	4,103	67.06	2,015	32.93	2,088	34.13	6,118
McCone	946	84.24	177	15.76	769	68.48	1,123
Meagher	812	72.63	306	27.37	506	45.26	1,118
Mineral	1,735	68.01	816	31.99	919	36.02	2,551
Missoula	25,529	35.56	46,268	64.44	-20,739	-28.88	71,797
Musselshell	2,341	81.31	538	18.69	1,803	62.63	2,879
Park	5,841	50.32	5,766	49.68	75	0.65	11,607
Petroleum	300	85.47	51	14.53	249	70.94	351
Phillips	1,895	79.69	483	20.31	1,412	59.38	2,378
Pondera	1,933	64.33	1,072	35.67	861	28.65	3,005
Powder River	957	84.17	180	15.83	777	68.34	1,137
Powell	2,240	70.53	936	29.47	1,304	41.06	3,176
Prairie	586	78.45	161	21.55	425	56.89	747
Ravalli	18,706	65.47	9,868	34.53	8,838	30.93	28,574
Richland	4,669	80.63	1,122	19.37	3,547	61.25	5,791
Roosevelt	1,891	46.89	2,142	53.11	-251	-6.22	4,033
Rosebud	2,436	64.55	1,338	35.45	1,098	29.09	3,774
Sanders	5,395	71.12	2,191	28.88	3,204	42.24	7,586
Sheridan	1,356	67.00	668	33.00	688	33.99	2,024
Silver Bow	6,641	35.28	12,183	64.72	-5,542	-29.44	18,824
Stillwater	4,370	76.08	1,374	23.92	2,996	52.16	5,744
Sweet Grass	1,834	74.58	625	25.42	1,209	49.17	2,459
Teton	2,541	68.56	1,165	31.44	1,376	37.13	3,706
Toole	1,528	71.97	595	28.03	933	43.95	2,123
Treasure	376	81.03	88	18.97	288	62.07	464
Valley	2,953	69.34	1,306	30.66	1,647	38.67	4,259
Wheatland	789	74.50	270	25.50	519	49.01	1,059
Wibaux	491	82.38	105	17.62	386	64.76	596
Yellowstone	49,276	58.59	34,833	41.41	14,443	17.17	84,109
Totals	333,174	55.01	272,463	44.99	60,711	10.02	605,637

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Gallatin (largest municipality: Bozeman)
Lewis and Clark (largest municipality: Helena)
Roosevelt (largest municipality: Wolf Point)

Notes

^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
^ ^a ^b ^c Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
^ Did not vote, "Don't recall", and Undecided with 1%; Would not vote with 0%
^ Undecided with 6%
^ Not yet released
^ ^a ^b Undecided with 5%
^ "Someone else" with 1%; would not vote with 0%; "Undecided/Refused" with 5%
^ Standard VI response
^ ^a ^b ^c "Some other candidate" with 1%; Undecided with 4%
^ Results generated with high Democratic turnout model
^ Results generated with high Republican turnout model
^ Undecided with 4%
^ ^a ^b "Someone else" with 1%; Undecided with 5%
^ Geise (G) with 0%; Undecided with 4%
^ "Other" with 1%; Undecided with 3%
^ Fredrickson (G) with 4%; would not vote with 1%; "someone else" with 0%; "Undecided/Refused" with 6%
^ Would not vote with 1%; Undecided with 2%
^ "Another candidate" with 5%; Undecided with 4%
^ Undecided with 2%; "Someone else" with 1%
^ Undecided with 10%
^ Undecided with 9.7%
^ Undecided with 7%; "someone else" with 6%; would not vote with 1%
^ Steve Bullock with 38%; Wilmot Collins with 4%; Cora Neumann with 7%; Mike Knoles and John Mues with 2%
^ Jack Ballard with 18%; Wilmot Collins and John Mues with 9%

Partisan clients

^ Poll sponsored by Protect Our Care, a pro-Affordable Care Act organization.
^ Poll sponsored by AARP.
^ This poll's sponsor is the American Principles Project, a 501 that supports the Republican Party.
^ Poll sponsored by End Citizens United, an organization which has exclusively supported Democratic candidates.

References

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^ "Home | Montana Firefighters Occupational Health and Safety". MTPROFF. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.
^ "NARAL Pro-Choice America Endorses Steve Bullock for U.S. Senate". NARAL Pro-Choice America. June 17, 2020.
^ "2020 Federal Endorsements - NOW PAC". nowpac.org.
^ "NRDC Action Fund Endorses 14 for House, Senate". nrdcactionfund.org. September 3, 2020.
^ "2020 Endorsements". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
^ "Communications Workers of America Endorses Governor Steve Bullock (MT) for US Senate". Communications Workers of America. June 11, 2020.
^ "Endorsements". mtaflcio.com. Montana AFL-CIO.
^ "2020 Election Endorsements". Montana Federation of Public Employees.
^ "U.S. Senate - Education Votes". educationvotes.nea.org.
^ "Montana – Official UAW Endorsements". uawendorsements.org. United Automobile Workers.
^ Real Clear Politics
^ 270 to Win
^ Change Research
^ Public Policy Polling (D)
^ The Progress Campaign (D)
^ Montana State University Billings
^ Siena College/NYT Upshot
^ Strategies 360
^ RMG Research Archived October 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
^ Public Policy Polling
^ Emerson College
^ Data For Progress (D)
^ Montana State University Bozeman Archived October 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
^ Siena College/NYT Upshot
^ Fabrizio Ward/Hart Research Associates
^ Emerson College
^ Spry Strategies (R)
^ Civiqs/Daily Kos
^ Public Policy Polling
^ University of Montana
^ Montana State University Bozeman
^ The Progress Campaign (D)
^ Public Policy Polling (D)
^ University of Montana
^ University of Montana
^ ^a ^b "2020 Statewide General Election Canvass" (PDF). Montana Secretary of State. Retrieved December 2, 2020.

External links

Government Documents Round Table of the American Library Association, "Montana", Voting & Elections Toolkits
"Montana: Election Tools, Deadlines, Dates, Rules, and Links", Vote.org, Oakland, CA
"League of Women Voters of Montana". (state affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
Montana at Ballotpedia

Official campaign websites

[81] Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.

[key-84] Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear

[86] Did not vote, "Don't recall", and Undecided with 1%; Would not vote with 0%

[89] Undecided with 6%

[91] Not yet released

[U5-93] Undecided with 5%

[95] "Someone else" with 1%; would not vote with 0%; "Undecided/Refused" with 5%

[98] Standard VI response

[SOC1U4-99] "Some other candidate" with 1%; Undecided with 4%

[100] Results generated with high Democratic turnout model

[101] Results generated with high Republican turnout model

[103] Undecided with 4%

[SE1U5-105] "Someone else" with 1%; Undecided with 5%

[107] Geise (G) with 0%; Undecided with 4%

[109] "Other" with 1%; Undecided with 3%

[111] Fredrickson (G) with 4%; would not vote with 1%; "someone else" with 0%; "Undecided/Refused" with 6%

[114] Would not vote with 1%; Undecided with 2%

[118] "Another candidate" with 5%; Undecided with 4%

[120] Undecided with 2%; "Someone else" with 1%

[122] Undecided with 10%

[124] Undecided with 9.7%

[126] Undecided with 7%; "someone else" with 6%; would not vote with 1%

[131] Steve Bullock with 38%; Wilmot Collins with 4%; Cora Neumann with 7%; Mike Knoles and John Mues with 2%

[133] Jack Ballard with 18%; Wilmot Collins and John Mues with 9%

[88] Poll sponsored by Protect Our Care, a pro-Affordable Care Act organization.

[113] Poll sponsored by AARP.

[117] This poll's sponsor is the American Principles Project, a 501 that supports the Republican Party.

[129] Poll sponsored by End Citizens United, an organization which has exclusively supported Democratic candidates.

[1] "Montana Voter Turnout". Montana Secretary of State - Christi Jacobsen. February 22, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

[:0-2] Drake, Phil. "Daines, Bullock take party primaries in Montana US Senate race". Great Falls Tribune. Retrieved November 29, 2020.

[mtpred-3] "Here's who we think will win the 2020 elections in Montana". Politico. November 19, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2020.

[racecomp-4] Nilsen, Ella; Zhou, Li (March 9, 2020). "Gov. Steve Bullock just made the Montana Senate race competitive for Democrats". Vox. Retrieved April 12, 2020.

[5] "Western States Coronavirus Survey - Montana - Politics and Policy Questions" (PDF). Montana State University - HELPS Lab.

[6] "Trump noticeably absent from key US Senate race in Montana". ABC News. November 1, 2020. Retrieved February 16, 2021.

[7] "Montana U.S. Senate Election Results". The New York Times. November 3, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2021.

[8] "No Alternative Candidates on Montana Ballot for Any Congressional Race". Ballot Access News. September 13, 2020. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.

[KPAX_2020-02-23-9] "Hardware store manager enters Montana U.S. Senate race". KPAX. February 23, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2020.

[MTsenc-10] Michels, Holly (March 9, 2020). "Filing deadline for Montana ballot sees last-minute surprises". Helena Independent Record.

[Missoulian_Trump_Jr_2019-11-25-11] Trump, Donald Jr. (November 25, 2019). "Montana's A-Team: Daines, Rosendale, Gianforte". Missoulian. Retrieved December 22, 2019.

[MTsosr-12] "2020 Statewide Primary Election Canvass" (PDF). Montana Secretary of State. Retrieved June 2, 2020.

[13] Arkin, James (March 9, 2020). "Bullock enters Montana Senate race". Politico.

[14] Pramuk, Jacob (March 9, 2020). "Montana Gov. Steve Bullock launches Senate bid, a boost in Democrats' push for majority". CNBC.

[15] Michels, Holly (July 11, 2019). "Democrat John Mues joins U.S. Senate race". Missoulian.

[16] "Ballard drops from U.S. Senate Race". Great Falls Tribune. September 13, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2019.

[Collins_tweet_+Bullock-17] Collins, Wilmot [@CollinsWilmot] (March 9, 2020). "Thank you, Montana. It's been my honor to run for U.S. Senate. Today I'm suspending my campaign and endorsing Governor Steve Bullock" (Tweet). Retrieved March 9, 2020 – via Twitter.

[18] Mike Knoles [@KnolesMichael] (March 9, 2020). "With @GovernorBullock joining the Montana Senate race, I'll be dropping This race is too important to let my ego dictate decisions. @SteveDaines must go, and I will do everything I can to make sure we #FlipTheSenate I'll find another vector. Right now we've got a seat to flip!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 9, 2020 – via Twitter.

[Neumann_tweet_+Bullock-19] Neumann, Cora [@CoraforMT] (March 9, 2020). "Today, I am announcing that I am withdrawing from the race for U.S. Senate and supporting Governor Steve Bullock's campaign" (Tweet). Retrieved March 9, 2020 – via Twitter.

[20] @LA_Hagen (March 9, 2020). "With Bullock's entrance into #MTSEN, Democrat Cora Neumann drops out and endorses him" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

[21] Stein, Perrin. "Bozeman Senate candidate drops out of race, supports Bullock". Bozeman Daily Chronicle.

[Politico_2019-05-10-22] Lippman, Daniel (May 10, 2019). "'The Revenant' author considering run for Montana Senate or governor". Politico. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[23] Punke, Michael [@MPunke] (June 23, 2019). "As my friends and family know, I have been considering a run for Montana's senator or governor. I'm grateful for the encouragement I received. I have decided not to seek election this cycle. For my family &me, it's not the right time. Thx to all who offered advice &encouragement" (Tweet). Retrieved June 23, 2019 – via Twitter.

[Wishlist-24] Singiser, Steve. "Here's our ultimate Democratic wishlist for Senate in 2020. Who's on yours?". Daily Kos. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

[25] "Williams launches new bid for Montana US House seat". KECI. Associated Press. April 5, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2019.

[Harris_endorsements-26] "Kamala Harris Endorsements". May 9, 2020.

[auto-27] "Susan Good Geise: Montana Libertarian withdraws from U.S. Senate race". Missoula Current. May 18, 2020.

[28] "Statement from the Montana Libertarian Party as Susan Good Geise withdraws from the US Senate race in Montana". May 16, 2020 – via Facebook.

[29] Dennison, Mike (August 6, 2020). "Libertarians won't have 2020 candidate for U.S. Senate in Montana". KTVH. Retrieved August 7, 2020.

[30] "Candidate Filing". Montana Secretary of State - Christi Jacobsen. Montana Secretary of State. March 18, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.

[31] "Geise enters 2020 run for U.S. Senate as Libertarian". Great Falls Tribune. March 20, 2020.

[32] "May 15, 2020 — Susan Good Geise". Susan Good Geise for US Senate. May 15, 2020. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2020.

[Helena_AIR_2020-05-18-33] Holly Michels (May 18, 2020). "Greens say 'Go Green Montana' group isn't affiliated". Helena Independent Record. Retrieved June 3, 2020.

[34] Michels, Holly (August 7, 2020). "Helena judge again takes Green Party off the ballot". Helena Independent Record. Retrieved August 7, 2020.

[35] Dennison, Mike (March 26, 2020). "MT Green Party candidates: One says, 'don't vote for me'". KTVH.

[36] "WATCH: Daines, Bullock square off in first 2020 U.S. Senate Debate". KTVH. August 8, 2020.

[37] "Montana U.S. Senate Debate". C-SPAN. October 10, 2020.

[Cook_PR-38] "2020 Senate Race Ratings for October 29, 2020". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

[Inside_Elections-39] "2020 Senate Ratings". Senate Ratings. The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved March 11, 2021.

[Sabato's_Crystal_Ball-40] "2020 Senate race ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved March 12, 2021.

[Daily_Kos-41] "2020 Senate Race Ratings". Daily Kos Elections. Retrieved March 13, 2021.

[Politico-42] "2020 Election Forecast". Politico. November 19, 2019.

[RCP-43] "Battle for the Senate 2020". RCP. October 23, 2020.

[DDHQ-44] "2020 Senate Elections Model". Decision Desk HQ. September 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.

[45] Silver, Nate (September 18, 2020). "Forecasting the race for the Senate". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.

[46] "Forecasting the US elections". The Economist. November 2, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2021.

[47] "Steve Daines for Senate". WinRed. Campaign donation page with Nikki Haley endorsement.

[48] "Noteworthy endorsements". Retrieved November 2, 2020.

[49] "Steve Daines for Senate". WinRed. Campaign donation page with Ted Cruz endorsement.

[50] "Steve Daines for Senate". WinRed.

[51] "Steve Daines for Senate". WinRed.

[52] "Steve Daines for Senate". WinRed.

[Vote_Smart_Daines-53] "Steve Daines' Ratings and Endorsements". Vote Smart.

[auto1-54] "2020 Endorsements". Retrieved November 2, 2020.

[55] "Crow Tribal Chairman endorses Trump campaign". Ict News. September 15, 2020. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.

[NRAPVF-56] "Montana Grades & Endorsements". nrapvf.org. NRA-PVF. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2023.

[57] "NRA Endorses Steve Daines". Montana Right Now. May 13, 2020. Archived from the original on May 20, 2020.

[58] "Building A Conservative Senate". Senate Conservatives Fund.

[59] "The Win Big Project". The Win Big Project.

[60] Podcast, The Al Franken. "The Al Franken Podcast - Montana Sen. Jon Tester on How Dems Win Back Rural America". Google Podcasts.

[61] "Gazette endorsement: For U.S. Senate, Steve Bullock". The Billings Gazette. October 25, 2020.

[62] "Montanans should send Governor Bullock to the Senate". Missoulian. October 25, 2020.

[63] "Standard endorsement: For Senate, we recommend Steve Bullock". Montana Standard. October 25, 2020.

[64] "2020 Endorsements".

[65] Muller, Tiffany (March 9, 2020). "End Citizens United Endorses Governor Steve Bullock for Montana Senate". End Citizens United.

[66] Acosta, Lucas (May 27, 2020). "Human Rights Campaign Endorses Gov. Steve Bullock for U.S. Senate". Human Rights Campaign.^{[dead link]}

[67] Kornbluh, Jacob (June 17, 2020). "Jewish Dems roll out new round of congressional endorsements". Jewish Insider. Retrieved March 6, 2023.

[68] "Meet the 2020 Candidates". Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs.^{[permanent dead link]}

[69] Connon, Courtnee (May 14, 2020). "LCV Action Fund Endorses Steve Bullock for U.S. Senate". League of Conservation Voters.

[70] Manchester, Julia (June 24, 2020). "Lincoln Project Backs Bullock in Montana Senate Race". The Hill. Retrieved June 25, 2020.

[71] "Home | Montana Firefighters Occupational Health and Safety". MTPROFF. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2020.

[72] "NARAL Pro-Choice America Endorses Steve Bullock for U.S. Senate". NARAL Pro-Choice America. June 17, 2020.

[73] "2020 Federal Endorsements - NOW PAC". nowpac.org.

[74] "NRDC Action Fund Endorses 14 for House, Senate". nrdcactionfund.org. September 3, 2020.

[75] "2020 Endorsements". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.

[76] "Communications Workers of America Endorses Governor Steve Bullock (MT) for US Senate". Communications Workers of America. June 11, 2020.

[77] "Endorsements". mtaflcio.com. Montana AFL-CIO.

[78] "2020 Election Endorsements". Montana Federation of Public Employees.

[79] "U.S. Senate - Education Votes". educationvotes.nea.org.

[80] "Montana – Official UAW Endorsements". uawendorsements.org. United Automobile Workers.

[82] Real Clear Politics

[83] 270 to Win

[85] Change Research

[87] Public Policy Polling (D)

[90] The Progress Campaign (D)

[92] Montana State University Billings

[94] Siena College/NYT Upshot

[96] Strategies 360

[97] RMG Research Archived October 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine

[102] Public Policy Polling

[104] Emerson College

[106] Data For Progress (D)

[108] Montana State University Bozeman Archived October 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine

[110] Siena College/NYT Upshot

[112] Fabrizio Ward/Hart Research Associates

[115] Emerson College

[116] Spry Strategies (R)

[119] Civiqs/Daily Kos

[121] Public Policy Polling

[123] University of Montana

[125] Montana State University Bozeman

[127] The Progress Campaign (D)

[128] Public Policy Polling (D)

[130] University of Montana

[132] University of Montana

[canvass-134] "2020 Statewide General Election Canvass" (PDF). Montana Secretary of State. Retrieved December 2, 2020.

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2020 United States Senate election in Montana

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2020 United States Senate election in Montana

2020 United States Senate election in Montana

2020 United States Senate election in Montana

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