Sweden first participated at the Olympic Games at the inaugural 1896 Games, and has sent athletes to compete in every Games since then with one exception, the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics. Sweden has earned medals at all Olympic games except for two, the 1896 Games and the 1904 Games (the latter of which Sweden did not compete at). Sweden is the country with the longest Olympic Games medalling streak in history, having earned medals at every Olympic game since 1908.

Sweden hosted the Games on one occasion, the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. The equestrian events of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne were held in Stockholm, due to quarantine reasons.

Swedish athletes have won a total of 514 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 176 at the Winter Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee had Swedish officer and sports instructor Viktor Balck as one of its original members. The Swedish Olympic Committee was created and recognized in 1913.

According to official data of the Swedish Olympic Committee. This is a list of people who have won three or more Olympic gold medals for Sweden. Medals won in the 1906 Intercalated Games are not included. It includes top-three placings in 1896 and 1900, before medals were awarded for top-three placings.

Sweden has hosted the Games on one occasion. In 1956, the equestrian competitions were held in Stockholm.

Sweden has participated in most summer sports, but they have yet to participate in: Baseball/Softball, Cricket, Field hockey, Lacrosse, Rugby football (neither Rugby sevens or the discontinued discipline Rugby union), Sport climbing and Surfing.

Sweden never participated in the following discontinued sports: Basque pelota, Breaking, Croquet, Jeu de paume, Karate, Polo, Rackets, Roque and Water motorsports.