Government of Syria

The government of Syria takes place in a presidential system and is, as of 2025^[update], in a provisional period led by a transitional government in most of the country. The seat of the central government is located in Damascus, while the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria governs the north and east region.

On 7 December 2024, after the successful Syrian rebel offensives resulted in the fall of Damascus and the ouster of former president Bashar al-Assad, many former government officials under Assad's government fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary. Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, the dominant opposition faction, requested Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir of the Syrian Salvation Government to head the Syrian caretaker government. On 29 January 2025, Ahmed al-Sharaa was appointed President of Syria by the Syrian General Command for the transitional period during the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference in Damascus, after serving as the de facto leader following the fall of the Assad regime.

On 10 March, the Damascus-based government signed an eight-point agreement with the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria on processes for integrating the two governmental systems. As of August 2025, negotiations on integration remained inconclusive.

On 13 March, al-Sharaa signed an interim constitution for a five-year transitional period, establishing Islamic law as a primary source of jurisprudence while declaring the protection of the rights of all ethnic and religious groups in Syria. Later, on 29 March, the Syrian transitional government was announced by al-Sharaa during a ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Damascus, replacing the previous Syrian caretaker government established after the fall of the Assad government.

The 2025 Interim Constitution establishes a presidential system where the president holds executive power and appoints ministers, without a prime minister. Under the Interim Constitution, the vice president is a political position in Syria, appointed by the President, who also determines their powers, dismisses them, and accepts their resignations. If the presidency becomes vacant, a vice president assumes the President’s responsibilities.

On 29 March 2025, the Syrian transitional government was announced by Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa at a ceremony at the Presidential Palace in Damascus, in which the new ministers were sworn in and delivered speeches outlining their agendas. The government replaced the Syrian caretaker government, which was formed following the fall of the Assad regime.

During much of 2025, the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria that governs the north and east of Syria carried out negotiations with the central government on proposals for integrating the two governmental systems. An eight-point agreement was signed on 10 March 2025. As of August 2025, negotiations remained inconclusive.

An Interim Legislative Council was expected to be formed to act as Syria's legislature until a new constitution has been adopted. Previously, the People's Assembly was Syria's legislature during the Ba'athist period. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat constituencies. The Syrian constitution of 2012 introduced a multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party. After the collapse of the Assad government following successful rebel offensives in late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the caretaker authorities and abolished on 29 January 2025.