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Taivoan language
Taivoan or Taivuan, is a Formosan language spoken until the end of the 19th century by the indigenous Taivoan people of Taiwan. Taivoan used to be regarded as a dialect of Siraya, but now more evidence has shown that they should be classified as separate languages. The corpora previously regarded as Siraya like the Gospel of St. Matthew and the Notes on Formulary of Christianity translated into "Siraya" by the Dutch people in the 17th century should be in Taivoan majorly.
Since the January 2019 code release, SIL International has recognized Taivoan as an independent language and assigned the code tvx.
The Taivoan language used to be regarded as a dialect of Siraya. However, more evidences have shown that it belongs to an independent language spoken by the Taivoan people.
In De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia written by the Dutch colonizers during 1629–1662, it was clearly said that when the Dutch people would like to speak to the chieftain of Cannacannavo (Kanakanavu), they needed to translate from Dutch to Sinckan (Siraya), from Sinckan to Tarroequan (possibly a Paiwan or a Rukai language), from Tarroequan to Taivoan, and from Taivoan to Cannacannavo.
"...... in Cannacannavo: Aloelavaos tot welcken de vertolckinge in Sinccans, Tarrocquans en Tevorangs geschiede, weder voor een jaer aengenomen" — De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia, pp.6–8
According to William Campbell's Formosa Under the Dutch (1903), historical records show that various displaced indigenous groups "spoke several languages in the same place." Despite this linguistic diversity, populations including the Taivoan ("Tevorangians") were forced to mechanically memorize the Sinckan catechism by heart:
"It also often occurred that people living among the mountains were enticed by all possible means to come down and live in the valleys or plains. The people thus got mixed, and spoke several languages in the same place; one result being that, in keeping with the usual routine, those persons learnt the catechism of Mr. Junius by heart; but, while doing so, they acted just like magpies in repeating what has been said to them. And yet, people of this type received baptism; for Mr. Gravius informed us that he had met several Tevorangians who had been baptized under those unusual conditions. "— Formosa Under the Dutch, p.241
A comparison of numerals of Siraya, Taivoan (Tevorangh dialect), and Makatao (Kanapo dialect) with Proto-Austronesian language show the difference among the three Austronesian languages in southwestern Taiwan in the early 20th century:
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Taivoan language
Taivoan or Taivuan, is a Formosan language spoken until the end of the 19th century by the indigenous Taivoan people of Taiwan. Taivoan used to be regarded as a dialect of Siraya, but now more evidence has shown that they should be classified as separate languages. The corpora previously regarded as Siraya like the Gospel of St. Matthew and the Notes on Formulary of Christianity translated into "Siraya" by the Dutch people in the 17th century should be in Taivoan majorly.
Since the January 2019 code release, SIL International has recognized Taivoan as an independent language and assigned the code tvx.
The Taivoan language used to be regarded as a dialect of Siraya. However, more evidences have shown that it belongs to an independent language spoken by the Taivoan people.
In De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia written by the Dutch colonizers during 1629–1662, it was clearly said that when the Dutch people would like to speak to the chieftain of Cannacannavo (Kanakanavu), they needed to translate from Dutch to Sinckan (Siraya), from Sinckan to Tarroequan (possibly a Paiwan or a Rukai language), from Tarroequan to Taivoan, and from Taivoan to Cannacannavo.
"...... in Cannacannavo: Aloelavaos tot welcken de vertolckinge in Sinccans, Tarrocquans en Tevorangs geschiede, weder voor een jaer aengenomen" — De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia, pp.6–8
According to William Campbell's Formosa Under the Dutch (1903), historical records show that various displaced indigenous groups "spoke several languages in the same place." Despite this linguistic diversity, populations including the Taivoan ("Tevorangians") were forced to mechanically memorize the Sinckan catechism by heart:
"It also often occurred that people living among the mountains were enticed by all possible means to come down and live in the valleys or plains. The people thus got mixed, and spoke several languages in the same place; one result being that, in keeping with the usual routine, those persons learnt the catechism of Mr. Junius by heart; but, while doing so, they acted just like magpies in repeating what has been said to them. And yet, people of this type received baptism; for Mr. Gravius informed us that he had met several Tevorangians who had been baptized under those unusual conditions. "— Formosa Under the Dutch, p.241
A comparison of numerals of Siraya, Taivoan (Tevorangh dialect), and Makatao (Kanapo dialect) with Proto-Austronesian language show the difference among the three Austronesian languages in southwestern Taiwan in the early 20th century:
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